Term
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Definition
Lovehandles!
(abdomen, subcutaneously) |
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Term
| Bronchitis pt.'s better not... |
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Definition
Beta Block..
(Beta Blockers contraindicated for patients with chronic bronchitis) |
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Term
| To get out of WAR(farin toxicity), use the weapon |
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Definition
Vitamin K
(Vitamin K is the antidote for Warfarin OD's) |
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Term
| The 2 ways that medications act on receptors? |
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Definition
1) Mimic the action of the body's own hormones (agonist)
2) Block the action of the body's own hormones (antagonist) |
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Term
| Where (What) on cells do medications bind to? |
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Definition
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Term
1) The 5 Pregnancy Risk Categories are:
2) Which is Safest; Which is Most Dangerous? |
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Definition
1)A,B,C,D,X
2) Safest - Category A
Most Dangerous - Category X |
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Term
| The HIGHER the SCHEDULE # of a CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, the MORE __________ it is |
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Definition
| ADDICTIVE (More potential for abuse & dependence) |
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Term
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Definition
(Mechanism of Action)
Describes the interactions between medications and target cells, body systems and organs to produce effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| When Drug Intake ='s Drug Metabolism and Excretion |
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Term
SHORT Half-Life Drugs
vs.
LONG Half-Life Drugs |
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Definition
SHORT 1/2 Life:
-Meds leave body quicker: 4-8 hrs
-Shorter time period prescribed between doses (this is so effectiveness or MEC does not decrease/drop)
LONG 1/2 Life
-Meds leave body slowly: usually 24 hrs. or greater (this increases risk of accumulation and toxicity)
-Longer time intervals prescribed between does without loss of effectiveness
-Take a longer time to reach Steady State |
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Term
| Why is the THERAPEUTIC INDEX (TI) of a medication important to know? |
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Definition
| Because the LOWER a TI is, the MORE DANGEROUS it is. (i.e. Med's with low TI's should have serum levels monitored closely & Med's with high TI's have a wide safety margin) |
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Term
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Definition
| When a medication has achieved plasma levels that are EFFECTIVE & NOT TOXIC |
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Term
| Medication dosing attempts to maintain plasma levels between the ________ ________ __________ & the _________ _________ |
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Definition
Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC)
&
Toxic Concentration |
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Term
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Definition
When medications are inactivated upon their first pass through the liver.
Some drugs like Nitroglycerin are given by non-enteral route because of this |
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Term
| If a medication causees an INCREASE in medication METABOLIZING ENZYMES, what should be done? |
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Definition
-An increase in dosing should be ordered so the medication will reach therapeutic levels.
-If a pt. also on other med's, those dosages may also need to be adjusted. |
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Term
Where does
EXCRETION
of a drug primarily occur in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
How does a patient's
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
affect METABOLISM of medications? |
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Definition
They may be deficient in factors that are necessary to produce Medication
Metabolizing Enzymes (Metabolism will be impaired) |
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Term
| Can taking 2 or more drugs together affect the METABOLISM of either/or? |
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Definition
Yes, because some drugs are metabolized by the same pathway & this can interfere with the metabolism of either drug or both drugs together.
-If metabolism is decreased in either or both, accumulation (toxicity) may occur. |
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Term
| If the body has a problem METABOLISING a medication (such as pt.'s with liver disease)& dose is not adjusted; What are some of the consequences on the body? |
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Definition
1) Increased RENAL EXCRETION of the med.
2) INACTIVATION of the med.
3) Increased THERAPEUTIC ACTION
4) Activation of PRO-MEDICATIONS into ACTIVE FORMS
5) Decreased TOXICITY (active form changed to inactive form)
6) Increased TOXICITY (inactive turned to active) |
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Term
METABOLISM
primarily occurs where? |
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Definition
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Term
DISTRIBUTION
of a Medication in the Body can be affected by? (3 factors) |
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Definition
1) CIRCULATION - Perpheral vascular or cardiac disease may DELAY DISTRIBUTION
2) PLASMA PROTEIN BINDING - If 2 drugs taken together, one med. may displace the other med. from it's binding site thus causing free concentration of the displaced med. to rise.
3) BARRIERS - the Blood-Brain barrier will keep med's out unless they have a transport system or are lipid soluble. (Also the placental barrier) |
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Term
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Definition
| The Movement of Medication molecules in the Body (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism & Excretion) |
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Term
| What are some factors that can influence an individual's RESPONSE TO MEDICATION(S)? (9) |
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Definition
1) Body Weight
2) Age
3) Gender
4) Genetics
5) Biorhythmic cycles (sleep aid's work better at night time - people ready to sleep)
6) Tolerance
7) Accumulation
8) Psychological Factors
9) Medical Conditions |
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Term
| What 3 factors are considered when determing PEDIATRIC DOSAGES? |
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Definition
1) Body Weight
2) Body Surface Area (BSA)
3) Maturation of Body Organs |
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Term
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Definition
The practice of taking several medications simultaneously.
**Important to note that this can increase toxicity potential in older adults with diminished bodily functions. |
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