Term
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Definition
| Bethanechol is a M agonist that stimulates smooth muscle in the bladder (& sometimes the GI). It's used either post-op or post-partum to treat urinary retention. Take it on an empty stomach so it will absorb faster & work faster. |
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Definition
| Pilocarpine is a miotic for open-angle glaucoma. It's a M agonist that stimulates contraction of the ocular sphincter muscle. It's sometimes used in combo w/ another drug for open-angle glaucoma. |
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Definition
| Donepezil is for mild to moderate alzheimer's. It's an AChe inhibitor that allows more ACh to stimulate memory. It should be taken at hs to reduce side effects like salivation, decreased HR, increased tone (N & D), annorexia & gastric acid secretion. |
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Definition
| Atropine can induce mydriasis or cycloplegia. It's a M antagonist that prevents ACh from stimulating sphincter muscles in the iris & ciliary. Mydriasis is induced when eye doc needs to view retina. Sunglasses are worn afterward to protect dilated eyes from sun. Cycloplegia is induced when pt has an eye infection & needs relief from painful spasms. |
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Definition
| Scopolamine prevents motion sickness (N/V). It's a M antagonist that inhibits communication from vestibular apparatus to vomiting center in the cerebral cortex. Patch is placed behind ear 4 hrs prior to potential problems. It should be replaced q 72 hours & pt should always wash hands after use. Adverse effects are drowsiness, dry mouth & constipation. |
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Definition
| There are many uses for benztropine, but mostly parkinsons. Parkinson's pts have no dopamine to inhibit cholinergic tone. Benztropine is a M antagonist that inhibits ACh tone. Pts taking benztropine should be careful in hot weather, b/c the M antagonist will prevent them from sweating to cool off. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dicyclomine is for IBS. It's an anticholinergic that relaxes GI smooth muscle. It should be taken 30 min prior to a meal, b/c it has a short half-life & it needs to absorb before the meal. |
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Term
Levsin 0.125 Levsinex 0.375 |
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Definition
| Regular release Hyoscyamine is for IBS. It's an anticholinergic used to relax GI smooth muscle. The tablet should be taken 15 min prior to a meal. The SL form doesn't have to be taken 15 minutes prior. Levsinex 0.375 is extended release hyoscyamine & should be taken on schedule. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ipratropium is an anticholinergic that maintains bronchospasm associated w/ COPD. It relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Use on schedule. |
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Term
Combivent Duoneb inhalation soln |
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Definition
Ipratropium/albuterol is for maintenance of bronchospasms (COPD). The anticholinergic & SAB2A work together to relax bronchial smooth muscle. Be cautious about therapeutic duplication; pt may already have albuterol on file. Use on schedule. |
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Definition
Tiotropium is for maintenance of bronchospasm (COPD). It's a M antagonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. It has a long 1/2 life, so it doesn't have to be taken more than once a day. Tell pt not to swallow capsule & to repeat inhalation to ensure delivery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Dopamine is for hemodynamic imbalances. It can increase renal blood flow, systemic bp, & HR. It's a CV agent that stimulates D1 (dopamine) & beta-1 receptors. It's given IV b/c it has short 1/2 life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carbidopa/levodopa is for parkinsons. The dose can the be adjusted specifically to the pt. Carbidopa inhibits circulating dopa-decarboxylase from metabolizing levodopa so that levodopa can get to the CNS. Once in the CNS, levodopa is converted to dopamine. If too much L-dopa gets converted to dopamine in the periphery, the pt will experience nausea. |
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Definition
Dobutamine is for CHF. It's a beta-1 agonist used primarily for its positive inotropic effect (it increases CO & BP). Like dopamine, it has a short 1/2 life, so it's given by IV. |
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Definition
| Naphazoline comes in nasal spray & eye drop to treat ocular redness & nasal congestion. It's an alpha-1 agonist that causes vasoconstriction in the eye & nose. Limit use to < 3 days to prevent rebound congestion. |
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Term
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Definition
Oxymetazoline comes in nasal spray & eye drops. It's used for ocular redness & nasal congestion. It's an alpha-1 agonist that stimulates vasoconstriction in the nose & eyes. Limit use to < 3 days to prevent rebound congestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pseudoephedrine is for congestion. It's an alpha-1 agonist that causes vasoconstriction in the mucosa membranes which causes them to shrink. It also causes release of NE, which also causes vasoconstriction. It's a C-5, so a pt can only have 3.6g/day or 9g/month. |
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Term
| Pseudophed PE, Neo-Synephrine |
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Definition
Phenylephrine is given as tabs or nasal spray for nasal congestion. It's an alpha-1 agonist that causes vasoconstriction in the nose. Limit use to < 3 days to prevent rebound congestion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Epinephrine is an inj for resp distress or anaphylaxis. It's an alpha & beta agonist that relieves type 1 hypersensitivity rxns. |
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Term
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Definition
| Clonidine is for HTN. It's a central alpha-2 agonist that inhibits central sympathetic outflow. Common side effects are dry mouth, dizziness, & drowsiness. Compliance is essential to prevent rebound HTN. |
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Term
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Definition
| A 0.1 mg patch of clonidine can be applied once a week for HTN. Clonidine is a central alpha-2 agonist that inhibits central sympathetic outflow. TTS-1 releases 0.1mg/day; TTS-2 releases 0.2mg/day; TTS-3 releases 0.3mg/day. The patch site should be rotated once weekly. Compliance is essential. |
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Term
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Definition
Brimonidine is for open-angle glaucoma. It's an alpha-2 agonist that decreases aq humor production & stimulates outflow. |
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Term
Proventil aerosol MDI Proventil Inhalation solution |
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Definition
Albuterol is for relief of bronchospasm. It's a beta-2 agonist that relaxes bronchial smooth muscle. Side effects are increased HR, tremor, & nervousness. It should be taken 15 min before activity for exercise-induced bronchospasm. Has many dosage forms: tabs, inhalation soln, MDI, syrup. |
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Term
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Definition
| Salmeterol is for maintenance of asthma. It's a beta-2 agonist that stimulates bronchodilation. It is used to prevent, not relieve, bronchospasm. |
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Term
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Definition
Formoterol is a dry powder inhaler for maintenance of asthma. It's a beta-2 agonist that stimulates bronchodilation. It's for prevention of, not relief of, bronchospasm. It should be taken 30 min prior to activity for exercise induced activity. Don't let pt swallow capsule. |
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Term
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Definition
Pirbuterol has a breath-activated autoinhaler (no coordination required). It is for relief of bronchospasm. It's a beta-2 agonist that stimulates bronchodilation. It should be used 15 min prior to activity. |
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Term
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Definition
Levalbuterol is for relief of bronchospasm. It's a beta-2 agonist. Use it 15 min prior to exercise-induced activity. It's available as an MDI & nebulizer soln. |
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Term
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Definition
| Terbutaline tabs are for relief of asthma/bronchospasm. It's a beta-2 agonist that stimulates bronchodilation. Terbutaline is most often used for its unlabeled use: it's used as a tocolytic agent to relax uterine smooth muscle associated w/ pre-term labor to lessen contractions. It's available SQ & orally. |
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Term
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Definition
| Metaproterenol is for inhalation. It's for relief of asthma/bronchospasm. It's a beta-2 agonist. It has no advantages over albuterol. |
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Term
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Definition
Amitriptyline is for depression. It's a tricyclic antidepressant that potentiates NE & 5-HT (serotonin) activity by blocking their reuptake. It's off label use is treating neuropathic pain. |
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Term
| Tofranil (think children) |
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Definition
| Imipramine can be given for childhood enuresis (>6 y/o). Calculate dosage based on child's weight. |
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Term
| Tofranil, Tofranil PM caps |
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Definition
| Imipramine is for depression. It's a tricyclic antidepressant that potentiates NE & serotonin (aka 5-HT) by blocking their reuptake. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nortriptyline is for depression. It's a tricyclic antidepressant that potentiates NE & serotonin activity by blocking their reuptake. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phenelzine tabs are for depression. It's a non-selective MAOI that prevents MAO from degrading catecholamines. It's not used much anymore b/c of food interactions (tyramine) & numerous drug interactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tamsulosin is for BPH. It's an alpha-1a blocker that relaxes the prostate & bladder. Take it 30 min following the same meal qd to prevent adverse effects (not to increase effectivenss). Peak levels aren't as high when given w/ a meal. |
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Term
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Definition
Prazosin is for HTN. It's an alpha-1 antagonist that inhibits vasoconstriction. Take it at hs to prevent 1st dose hypotension. Adherence is important. |
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Term
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Definition
Doxazosin is for HTN or BPH. It's an alpha-1 antagonist that prevents vasoconstriction & relaxes the prostate & bladder. Take it at hs to prevent 1st dose hypotension. |
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Term
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Definition
Cardura XL is for BPH (not HTN). It's an alpha-1 antagonist that relaxes the prostate & bladder. Unlike most alpha-1 antagonists, it should be taken in the am. This is b/c the XL doesn't peak as quickly; so, 1st dose hypotension isn't really a problem. |
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Term
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Definition
| Terazosin is for HTN. It's an alpha-1 antagonist that prevents vasoconstriction. At first, take it at hs to prevent 1st dose hypotension. Adherence is imporant. |
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Term
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Definition
Regular-release metoprolol tartrate is for HTN. XL metoprolol succinate can be used for angina prophylaxis, CHF & HTN. Metoprolol is a beta-1 antagonist. Food will enhance absorption, & adherence is important. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regular release propranolol is for HTN. LA propranolol can be used for angina prophylaxis or HTN. Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker. It's contraindicated for asthmatics. |
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Term
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Definition
Betaxolol is for open-angle glaucoma. It's a beta-1 antagonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bisoprolol is for HTN. It's a beta-1 antagonist. |
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Term
| Tenormin (for angina prophylaxis) |
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Definition
| Atenolol can be used for HTN or angina prophylaxis. It's a beta-1 antagonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Timolol & dorzolamide/timolol are for open-angle glaucoma. They are both non-selective beta blockers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Labetolol is for HTN. It's a combo of an alpha-1 blocker & a non-selective beta blocker. Dizziness is main side effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carvedilol is for CHF or HTN. It's an alpha-1 blocker & a non-selective beta blocker. Dizziness may occur. Take w/ food to limit adverse effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reserpine tabs are for HTN. It depletes storage of catecholamines, resulting in decreased sympathetic stimulation. Common side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, & depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxybutynin is for bladder instability/urgency. It's a M antagonist that has an anti-spasmodic effect on the bladder. The primary side effect is dry mouth. Other side effects are drowsiness and dizziness. |
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Term
Detrol (tabs) Detrol LA (caps) |
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Definition
| Tolterodine is for an overactive bladder. It's an anti-muscarinic. The most common side effect is dry mouth; others include drowsiness & dizziness. |
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