Term
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Definition
Caused by viral infection |
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Definition
invades mucosa of upper respiratory tract causing URI |
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Term
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Definition
sore throat, coughing, upset stomach |
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Term
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Definition
fluid drips down the pharynx into the esophagus and lower respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
IGE, histamine, serotonin, Chemotaxis |
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Term
nasal congestion treatment |
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Definition
Alpha 1 agonist: pseudoepherine and phenyleprine |
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Term
Combined treatment of common cold |
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Definition
antihistamine, nasal decongestants, antitussives, expectorants |
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Term
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Definition
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Early stage of common cold |
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Definition
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Late stage of common cold |
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Definition
give antihistamine + nasal decongestant |
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Term
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Definition
SYMPTOMATIC ONLY, not curative, does not eliminate causative pathogen |
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Term
how to tell if it is a viral infection not bacterial? |
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Definition
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Term
how to tell if bacterial infection causing common cold? |
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Definition
mucous production and congestion |
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Term
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Definition
directly compete with histamine for specific receptor sites |
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Term
What are the two histamine receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
H1 recepts are found in... |
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Definition
skin, smooth muscle of bronchioles, capillaries |
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Term
H2 receptors are found in |
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Definition
ONLY IN GI in stomach, associated with gastric acid secretion |
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Term
What is the triple response? |
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Definition
REDNESS, ITCHINESS, and EDEMA |
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Term
H2 blockers or H2 agonists? |
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Definition
used to reduce gastric acid in peptic ulcer disease |
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Term
h2 drug that is an enzyme inhibitor? |
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Definition
cimetidine ( tagamet), need to increase levels of another drug if giving cimetdine |
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Term
Antihistamines act of what type of receptors? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
anticholinergic, sedative, antihistamine |
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Term
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Definition
block action of histamine at receptor compete with histamine for unoccupied receptors CANNOT PUSH HISTAMINE OFF if already bound |
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Term
Antihistamines prevent... |
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Definition
vasodilation increased GI secretion ( acid) increased capillary permeability |
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Term
If you know allergy season is approaching you should load up on antihistamines because |
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Definition
antihistamines will bind to all the histamine receptors creating a lesser histamine reaction in the future |
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Term
Effective in prevention not reversing the effects of allergies and should be given early in treatment |
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Definition
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Term
histamine cardiovascular effects |
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Definition
dilation and increased permeability ...which allows shit to leak into tissues |
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Term
antihistamine cardiovascular effects |
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Definition
prevent dilation and decrease permeability |
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Term
Histamine smooth muscle (exocrine gland) effects |
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Definition
stimulate salivary, gastric , lacrimal, and bronchial secretions |
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Term
antihistamine smooth muscle effects |
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Definition
DRYING UP PERSON: prevent salivary, gastric, lacrimal, and bronchial secretions |
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Term
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Definition
prevents degranulation of mast cells before histamine release. gets less reaction |
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Term
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Definition
mast cells release histamine and other substances, resulting in allergic reactions |
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Term
antihistamine immune effects |
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Definition
binds to histamine receptors, preventing histamine from causing a response |
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Term
Antihistamine skin effects |
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Definition
block capillary permeability, wheal and flare formation, and itching |
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Term
antihistamine anticholinergic effect |
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Definition
DRYING EFFECT: reduced nasal, salivary, and lacrimal gland |
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Term
antihistamine sedative effects |
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Definition
CAUSE DROWSINESS- CROSSES BBB |
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Term
Antihistamine is used for |
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Definition
nasal allergies seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis allergic reactions motion sickness sleep disorders |
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Term
Terbinfafine/ lamisil allergy |
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Definition
give benadryl to reverse rxn or injection for severe rxn |
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Term
What is first line therapy for anaphylaxis? |
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Definition
epinephrine, NOT antihistamine |
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Term
histamine- mediated disorders |
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Definition
allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis, angioneurotic edema, drug fevers, insect bite rxns, uticaria |
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Term
what to give is sneezing and running nose? |
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Definition
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Term
Derivatives of antihistamine |
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Definition
can be used for nausea and vomiting bc of antiemetic effects |
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Term
Antihistamine side effects |
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Definition
anticholinergic or antimuscarinic : DRYING EFFECT dry mouth - decreased salivation difficulty urinating constipation |
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Term
What are the two types of antihistamines? |
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Definition
traditional and nonsedating/ peripherally acting |
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Term
Tradiational antihistamines |
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Definition
older work peripherally AND centrally anticholinergic effects - more effective than nonsedating agents |
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Term
traditional antihistamine drugs |
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Definition
Diphenhydramine ( benadryl) Clorpheniramine( chlor- trimethon) |
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Term
Ethanolamine derivatives drugs |
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Definition
diphenhydramine ( benadryl) - Drowsiness dimenhydrinate |
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Term
Piperazine derivatives drugs |
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Definition
Hydroxizine - cyclizine meclozine |
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Term
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Definition
reduce anxiety , itching, redness, and discomfort |
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Term
What do you prescribe to patients with anxiety neurosis that leads to itching, redness and discomfort? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
motion sickness causes less drowsiness |
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Term
Alkylamine derivative drugs |
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Definition
phenothiazines ciproheptadine |
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Term
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Definition
antiemetic- nausea/vomiting |
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Term
What do you gives kids who have problems eating bc feeling nausea? |
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Definition
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Term
What are second generation drugs? |
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Definition
Piperidine derivatives = NONSEDATING |
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Term
What antihistamine drugs are nonsedative and second generation? |
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Definition
piperidine derivative / terfenadine |
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Term
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Definition
piperidine derivative and nonsedating |
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Term
You can get arrythmias if you take erythromycin with this drug |
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Definition
terfenadine/ nonsedating/ piperidine derivative |
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Term
nonsedative/ peripherally acting antihistamines |
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Definition
eliminate sedation works periphrally to block histamine actions fewer CNS effects longer duration of action ( increased compliance) |
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Term
Nonsedating/ peripherally acting antihistamine drugs |
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Definition
fexofenadine ( allegra) loratidine ( Claritin) DONT CROSS BBB + LONGER ACTING |
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Term
antihistamines are contradindicated for |
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Definition
Acute asthma attacks and lower respiratory diseases |
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Term
antihistamines are contradindicated for |
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Definition
Glaucoma- increased intraocular pressure even more PUD- will make worst if not hit H2 receptor BPH- can get urinary block |
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Term
What should pts on antihistamines not do? |
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Definition
driving or operating heavy machinery because it causes drowsiness |
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Term
What are the primary causes of nasal decongestion? |
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Definition
allergies and upper respiratory infections( common cold) |
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Term
Nasal congestion definition |
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Definition
excessive nasal secretions and inflamed and swollen nasal mucosa |
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Term
What are the two types of decongestants used? |
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Definition
Adrenergics corticosteroids |
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Term
What is the classic decongestant if difficulty breathing |
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Definition
phenylephrine ( alpha 1 agonist caused vasoconstriction) |
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Term
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Definition
delayed onset no rebound congestion exclusivesly adrenergics |
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Term
what are examples of oral decongestants? |
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Definition
phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine |
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Term
Topical nasal decongestants |
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Definition
adrenergic and steroids prompt onset potent |
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Term
important thing to know about topical nasal decongestants |
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Definition
CAUSES REBOUND CONGESTION |
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Term
topical nasal decongestant- Adrenergics |
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Definition
epherine ( vicks) oxymetazoline (afrin) naphazoline ( privine) phenylephrine ( neo synephrine) |
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Term
topical nasal decongestants- intranasal steroids |
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Definition
beclomethasone diproprionate ( beconase, vancenase) flunisolide ( nasalide) |
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Term
MOA of nasal decongestant adrenergics |
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Definition
constrict small blood vessels which shrink tissues to allow better draining of nasal secretions in the swollen mucous membranes |
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Term
MOA of nasal decongestants - intranasal steroids |
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Definition
anti-inflammatory turns off immune system cell response to decrease inflammation |
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Term
Therapeutic uses of nasal decongestants |
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Definition
acute/ chronic rhinitis common cold sinusitis hay fever other allergies |
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Term
Side effects of nasal decongestant adrenergics |
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Definition
REBOUND NASAL STUFFINESS, nervousness, insomnia, palpitations, tremors |
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Term
side effects of nasal decongestant steroids |
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Definition
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Term
What type of patients should you avoid with nasal decongestants? |
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Definition
hypertension palpitations CNS stimulation |
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Term
Pts should avoid what with nasal decongestants? |
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Definition
caffeine- shit will make it worst |
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Term
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Definition
induce coughing and expectoration and is initiated by irritation of sensory receptors in the resp. tract |
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Term
What are the two basic types of coughs? |
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Definition
productive and non productive |
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Term
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Definition
congested, removes excessive secretions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What type of cough are antitussives only used for? |
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Definition
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Term
non-opioid drugs are found _______________ and opioid drugs are for ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
MOA of opioid cough drugs |
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Definition
direct action on the cough center in the medulla |
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Term
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Definition
Codeine ( robitussin A-C, deimatane- DC) hydrocodone |
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Term
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Definition
numb the stretch receptors in the resp tract and prevent the cough reflex from being stimulated |
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Term
examples of non-opioid drugs |
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Definition
Benzonatate dextromathorphan |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
anesthetic - some form of lidocaine that works as well as non-opioid |
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Term
antitussives therapeutic uses |
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Definition
stop the cough reflex when NONPRODUCTIVE |
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Term
Side effects of benzonatate |
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Definition
dizziness, headache, sedation |
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Term
Side effects of dextromathorphan |
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Definition
dizziness, drowsiness, nausea |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What should patients not do when on antitussive agent? |
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Definition
operate heavy machinery and driving |
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Term
why should you report if a cough lasts more than one week, has fever, and headache? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
breaks up mucus thin secretions |
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Term
What are the two MOA of expectorants? |
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Definition
direct stimulation or reflex stimulation |
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Term
Direct Stimulation of expectorants |
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Definition
stimulate secretory glands to increase production of resp tract fluids |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cause irritation of GI tract so that you can loosen and thinning of resp tract secretions |
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Term
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Definition
ronitussin - expectorant ( use with a lot of water bc water helps to break up mucus) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
expectorant therapeutic uses |
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Definition
Common cold bronchitis laryngitis pharyngitis pertussis influenza mesales |
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Term
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Definition
Gastric irritation, nausea, vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
gastric upset (elixir has high alcohol content) |
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Term
Becareful using expectorants in |
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Definition
Elderly asthmatics respiratory insufficiency |
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