Term
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Definition
| the level of response observed at different doses of the drug in a single patient or experiment animal |
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Term
| Phase 1 of dose-response curve |
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Definition
| few target cells have yet been affected by the drug; reflects the fact that not enough receptors have bound to the drug |
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Term
| Phase 2 of dose-response curve |
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Definition
| shows a linear relationship between the amount of drug administered and the degree of response obtained from the patient. For example, if the dose is doubled, twice as much response is obtained. This is the most desirable range of doses for pharmacotherapeutics, since giving more drug results in proportionately more effect; a lower drug dose gives less effect |
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Term
| Phase 3 of dose-response curve |
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Definition
| a plateau is reached in which increasing the drug dose produces no additional therapeutic response; reflects the fact that all of receptors have bound to the drug and, thus, more drug can’t produce any greater response |
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Term
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Definition
| the magnitude of maximal response [Phase 3 of dose-response curve] that can be produced from a particular drug |
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Term
| Frequency distribution curve |
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Definition
| a graphical representation of the number of patients responding to a drug action at different doses |
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Term
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Definition
| a higher amount of drug, often given only once or twice to “ prime” the bloodstream with a sufficient level of drug to reach a plateau more rapidly |
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Term
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Definition
| doses administered intermittently to keep the plasma drug concentration in the therapeutic range |
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Term
| Median effective dose [ED50] |
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Definition
| the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients; sometimes used as the average or standard dose |
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Term
| Median lethal dose [LD50] |
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Definition
| the dose of drug that will be lethal in 50% of a group of animals in drug testing |
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Term
| Median toxicity dose [TD50] |
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Definition
| the dose that will produce a given toxicity in 50% of a group of patients; a more practical value than the LD50 in a clinical setting |
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Term
| Minimum effective concentration |
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Definition
| minimum amount of a drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect |
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Term
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Definition
| after drug administration, the time when the medication initially exceeds the minimum effective concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| way to compare the doses of two independently administered drugs in terms of how much is needed to produce a particular response |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug with will produce a particular therapeutic effect at a lower dose, compared with another drug in the same class |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug needs to be administered at a higher dose to produce an particular therapeutic effect that is comparable with another drug in the same class |
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Term
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Definition
| plasma drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of a drug's LD50 to its ED50; the larger the difference between the two doses, the greater the therapeutic index and the safer the drug |
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Term
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Definition
| the level of drug in the plasma that will result in serious adverse effects |
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