Term
| what is the bioavailability of a drug given intravenously |
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Definition
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Term
first pass effect
What type of drug adminstration avoids this process?
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Definition
| Buccal and sublingual drug adminstratio avoids liver first pass effect. |
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Term
| how can a drug enhance the effects of a previousy taken drug |
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Definition
- drug 1 is on the plasma protein
- drug 2 enters the body and displaces drug 1 from the plasma protien
- displaced drug #1 roams free in circulation, increasing its concentration (which may be unintended).
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Term
if a aspirin is taken while a patient is on warfarin...
(1) what will happen to the conentration of warfarin
(2) what problem may happen to the patient
(3) how can this problem be corrected |
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Definition
(1)
(2)
(3)you can add clotting factos or platelets to the patients blood |
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Term
| list 2 barriers to drug distribution. What is their relative strength as a barrier? |
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Definition
placental barrier (weak)
blood brain barrier (strong) |
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Term
what is the forumula for the ability of a drug to distribute itself thorugh the body tissues?
how is the sokution reported in terms of units? |
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Definition
Volume of Distribution (Vd) = (amt in body dose) / (plasma concentration)
Vd reported in units of LIters / 70kg |
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Term
| what is the effect of lipid solubility on drug absorption? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that must first be metabolized in the body in order to be an active metabolite |
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Term
(1) what is the difference in drug excretion betwen lipid-soluble and water-soluble drugs?
(2) what are some methods of drug excretion? |
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Definition
(1) if a drug is lipid soluble, they tend to get elminiated by metabolism
if a drug is water soluble, they usually get eliminated by the kidney (excretion)
(2) exhalation, sweating, saliva, urine, feces, breast milk, |
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Term
| Explain first order kinetics. Give a general example |
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Definition
the process by which most drugs are elminated. THis means that the rate of elimination is direclty proportional to plasma level.
Example:
if the plasma level is high or low, the elimination rate is correalteively high or low |
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Term
| are dosage regiments only determined by the half-life of a drug? |
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Definition
| No. There are other factors to consider. |
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Term
| what effect does aspirin have on your platelets |
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Definition
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Term
| as a clinician, what are other factors to take into consideration when determing a drug regiment for a patient? |
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Definition
| do they have a properly working liver and kidneys |
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Term
what is zero-order elimination? |
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Definition
| when a drug is eliminated/metabolized at a constant rate, irrespective of its blood levels |
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Term
(1) explain steady state
(2) how many half-lives do you need to achieve a steady state? |
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Definition
(1) this occurs when the rate of drug adminstration is equal to the rate of its elmiantion.
(2) with continuous drug admininstration, a steady state is readched after 5 half lives. |
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Term
| what happens to a lipid soluble drug when it gets to the kidney? |
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Definition
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Term
| what parts of the body metabolize drugs? |
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Definition
| liver, kidney, intestinal wall, and even the blood itself |
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Term
| do all drugs need to be metabolized? |
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Definition
| No. Water soluble drugs are usually eliminated in the kindeys without metabolis |
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Term
| Do drugs needs to proceed through both phases of drug metabollsm |
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Definition
| No, some drugs experience phase ii only (conjugatio) |
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Term
| can drugs be metaboilized in the brain? if so, expalin |
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Definition
| Yes. The brain is full of fat. Lipid-soluble drugs have an affinity for this aspect of the brain, and will metabolize in the CNS. |
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Term
| What is the important of adding a hydroxl group to a drug? Which drug phase will this likely occur in? |
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Definition
makes the drug molecul for water soluble, and thus more easily excreted by the kidneys.
This would most likely occur in Phase II drug metabolism (conjugation). |
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Term
| what is the effect of inducerson drug metabolism and treatment? |
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Definition
Inducers speed-up drug metabolism and increase the risk of inadequate treatment! |
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