Gram +

SE: NVD, taste alt., fungal superinfection, neurotoxicity, phlebitis, allergic reaction

Con: K-conserving drugs, aminoglycosides

NI: Complete therapy, empty stomach, monit. K&Na, WBC, renal fx/I&O

"cef"

Gram -, beta lactamases, CSF

SE: allergic, hypoprothrombinemia, thrombophlebitis, nephrotoxicity, GI, superinfection

C: renal, bleeding disorders, anticoag, probenecid, alcohol

NI: PT, BUN/creatinine, w/ food

imipenem (Primaxin)

Broadest antimicrobial spectrum, mixed infections/anaerobes + S. aureus + Gram -

SE: hypersensitivity reactions, diarrhea/cramps, superinfections

vancomycin (Vancocin)

Gram +, MRSA, AAPMC, allergic to PCN

SE: Ototoxicity, RMS, nephrotoxicity, thrombophlebitis, extravasation, N&V, taste alt.

C: renal impairment, ototoxicity agents

NI: last resort drug, rotate IV sites, no bolus, slow IV 60 mins, antihistamines before IV

Protein synthesis inhibitor, broad-spectrum, acne, PUD, periodontal disease

SE: bone/teeth, superinfection, photosensitivity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, epigastric burning, NVD

C: Chelating agents Mg-contain lax. dec. abs., liver & renal failure, pregnant/breasts/children, contraceptives

NI: bedtime to dec. GI, 2 hrs b4 or after chelating agents, avoid sunlight

Protein synthesis inhibitor, broad-spectrum, allergic to PCN

SE: liver injury, hearing loss, superinfections, epigastric pain, NVD

C: theophylline, warfarin (inc. bleeding), hepatotoxic agents, antacids

NI: empty stomach, LFTs

Protein synth. inhib., aerobic and Gram +, MRSA, VRE

SE: myelosuppression (leukopenia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia), HA, liver injury, superinfect, NVD

C: MAOI (hypertensive crisis)
NI: CBC weekly, LFTs

bactericidal, narrow-spectrum, G -, synergistic w/ PCN

SE: ototoxicity, loss of vision, tingling in fingers, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, allergic/hypersensitivity

C: renal, hearing, myasthenia gravis, nephrotoxic agents, ototoxic agents, muscle relaxant

NI: monitor audiograms, renal fx, vestibular, peak&trough, BUN/creatinine I&O, slow IV, force fluid

active&latent TB

SE: peripheral neuropathy, B6 deficiency, hepatotoxicity, hepatitis

C: liver disease, B6 deficiency, alcoholics, diabetic, phenytoin, rifampin, pyrazinamide

NI: B6, LFTs, empty stomach

most effective for TB, leprosy

SE: hepatoxicity, hepatitis, red-orange fluid, yellow eye/skin, GI upset, flu-like symptoms

C: warfarin, contraceptives, HIV drugs, alcohol

NI: LFTs, empty stomach, non-hormonal BC

combo w/ other TB drugs

SE: hyperuricemia, arthralgias, hepatoxicity, hepatitis, GI upset, rash

C: liver dyfx, gout, alcohol

NI: LFTs q3wks

early treatment of TB

SE: blurred vision, hyperuricemia, allergic, confusion, GI upset

Con: children < 8

NI: uric acid, w/ food, assess vision before and monthly after

Broad-spectrum, UTI, gastroenteritis, anthrax, bone/jt/skin infec, bronchitis, pneumonia

SE: photosensitivity, crystalluria, arthralgia, CNS, superinfec, allergic, NVD

C: antacids, iron, zinc, sucralfate, dairy, theophylline, warfarin

NI: crystals in urine, inc. urine output > 1200cc/day

interact with DNA: inhib. nucleic acid synth. cause cell death, protozoal infec., anaerobic bact, H. pylori

SE: metallic taste, dry mouth, peripheral neuropathy, CNS, superinfec., allergic, ANVD

C: alcohol

NI: poop for infec, darker urine, w/ food

Inc. permeability of fungal cell memb., severe pathogenic fungal infec., candidiasis, histoplasmosis, meningitis, fungal septicemia

SE: infusion reactions, phlebitis, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, bone marrow suppression

C: nephrotoxic agents, drugs that dec. K, renal

NI: very toxic, monitor K, CBC, I&O, BUN/creatinine weekly, IV w/ central line slow infusion, give meds before treatment

new: echinocandin

SE: HA, N, rash, jaudice

NI: less effect on electrolytes and kidneys, moniter liver fx, blood chemistry

Fungistatic, inhibit fungal growth, candidiasis, meningitis, histoplasmosis

SE: photophobia, HA, liver injury, allergic, GI

C: liver, PPIs, drugs that red. gastric acidity, rifampin, can cause toxic levels of warfarin, phenytoin, statins, monitor LFTs monthly, single dose 150mg for vulvovaginal candidiasis

clotrimazole (Mycelex)

nystatin (Mycostatin, Nilstat)

oral candidiasis

Con: immunosuppressed

NI: inspect oral cavity, obtain culture before treatment, brush teeth before admin., oral suspension, troche

suppress synthesis of viral DNA, genital herpes drug of choice, shingles, chickenpox, cytomegalovirus

SE: renal impairment, phlebitis, NVD

C: nephrotoxic drugs

NI: BUN/creatinine, I&O, IV, fluid 2000-4000cc/day, therapy duration < 6 mos, topical w/ gloves

Dec. severity of sx & incidence of complications, influenza

SE: cough, throat irritation, NV

NI: bronchodilation for asthma b4 inhale zanamivir, w/ food, inhale 2x/day for 5 days

inhibit erythrocytic stage, malaria drug of choice, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous

SE: visual disturb, discoloration skin/nails/mouth, hair loss, pruritis, HA, GI

C: liver

NI: w/ meal, eye exam b4 and after q6mos, onset action for RA up to 6 mos

prevention relapse of malaria

SE: hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, G-6-PD deficiency: dark urine

NI: monitor CBC and urine