Term
|
Definition
| Benadryl. Anti-histamine that inhibits H1 receptors. Inverse agonist. |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Alpha1a blocker. Relaxes bladder sphincter and prostatic smooth muscle to ease urinary retention in BPH. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Viagra. Inhibits PDE5 to keep cGMP levels high and blood vessels dilated. DO NOT TAKE with nitrates because BP will drop too low. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits breakdown of TG's by lipases in GI tract so you shit out fats. Treats obesity and high cholesterol. |
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|
Term
| Drugs that block Na+ channels |
|
Definition
| Anesthetics. Na+ cannot rush in and cell does not depolarize. Ex - Lidocaine (-caine) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anesthetic. Blocks Na+ channels so nerve cells cannot depolarize. |
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|
Term
| Drugs that block Ca2+ channels |
|
Definition
| Anti-hypertensives. Prevent Ca2+ from entering smc's and causing contraction. Ex - Nifedipine (-dipines) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-hypertensive. Block Ca2+ channels to prevent contraction of vascular smooth muscle. |
|
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Term
| Drugs that open K+ channels |
|
Definition
Anti-hypertensives. Allows K+ to flow out of the cell to cause hyperpolarization.
Ex-Nitric Oxide, hydralazine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-hypertensive. Opens K+ channels to hyperpolarize cells and vasodilate. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-hypertensive. Opens K+ channels to hyperpolarize cells and vasodilate. |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that open Cl- channels |
|
Definition
| Anti-anxiety drugs. Allow Cl- to flow in to cell and hyperpolarize to make it harder to fire action potentials. Ex-Diazepam (-zepam) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Valium. Anti-anxiety drug. WEAK BASE. Opens Cl- channels to cause hyperpolarization of cells and decrease AP transmission. |
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Term
|
Definition
Irreversibly inhibits Ach esterase. Effects can be reverse if pt treated with PAM before aging occurs.
-Also treated with atropine (muscarinic antagonist) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Dopamine, NE, Epi
5-HT (serotonin)
Histamine
NO
Ach
Glycine, glutamate, GABA, ATP |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that use enzyme-linked receptors |
|
Definition
| Insulin, growth factors, ANP |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that use intracellular/DNA-linked receptors |
|
Definition
| Retinoic acid, prednisone, corticosteroids, Vit. D, thyroid hormone, sex hormones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Anti-hypertensive - ACE inhibitor. Prevents conversion of angiotensin I to AII by ACE, increases bradykinin.
Side Effects - hypotension, angioedema, hyperkalemia (no aldosterone). |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-hypercholesterolemia. Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to inhibit cholesterol synthesis and upregulate LDL receptors on cells. |
|
|
Term
| Anti-viral drugs (ddNTP's) |
|
Definition
| Inhibit DNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Anti-bacterial. Inhibits topoisomerase/gyrase. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Treats chronic gout. Inhibits xanthine oxidase to prevent uric acid build up. |
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Term
|
Definition
Anti-cancer. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) to prevent regeneration of THF needed for nucleotide synthesis.
-Immunosuppressant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Osmotic diuretic - causes fluid loss via osmotic diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NSAID. Irreversibly inhibits COX1 and COX2 so that new enzyme must be made. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Non-specific nucleotide analog that increases heart rate. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Bronchodilator that inhibits cAMP PDE in the lungs. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Cromolyn Sodium - anti-inflammatory
Furosemide - loop diuretic
Sulfamethoxazole - antibiotic
Phenobarbitol - sedative
Phenytoin - antiepileptic
Chlorthalidone - thiazide diuretic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diazepam - anxiolytic
chlordiazeposide - sedative
triamterene - K+ sparing diuretic
cimetidine - H2 antagonist
morphine - narcotic analgesic
amantadine - antiviral and anti-Parkinson's |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tylenol
Compazine
Phenergan |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Epinephrine, antibiotics, antipsychotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| General anesthetics, asthma drugs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nitroglycerin, nicotine. All are very small molecules, dose range can be fairly big. |
|
|
Term
| Drugs with HUGE volumes of distribution |
|
Definition
Tolbutamide - antidiabetic, sulfourease
Enalapril - Antihypertension, ACE inhibitor
Ciprofloxacin - antibiotic, fluoroquinolone
Fluoxetine - antidepressant, SSRI
Chloroquine - antimalarial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antidiabetic, sulfourease. Huge volume of distribution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antibiotic, fluoroquinolone. Huge volume of distribution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antidepressant, SSRI. Huge volume of distribution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Antimalarial. Huge volume of distribution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anticancer drugs, antibiotics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-alcoholism. Inhibits alcohol DH, causing acetaldehyde to build up and make you feel shitty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anti-biotic. DO NOT TAKE with alcohol because inhibits alcohol DH, causing acetaldehyde build up and shitty feelings. |
|
|
Term
| Cholinomimetics - direct acting agonists |
|
Definition
Acteylcholine - not clinically useful
Bethanechol
Carbachol
Methacholine
Pilocarpine |
|
|
Term
| Cholinomimetics - indirect acting Ach esterase inhibitors |
|
Definition
Pyridostigmine
Neostigmine
Edrophonium
Physostigmine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ach agonist, quaternary amine. SC or topical, 1 hr duration. Treats urinary retention by stimulating muscarinic receptors- contract detrusor and relax internal sphincter. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Ach agonist, quaternary amine. Topical only, 1-2 hr duration. Used to treat glaucoma - stimulate contraction of ciliary muscle and pupillary constrictor to allow outflow of aq humor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ach agonist, tertiary amine, natural product. Eye topical, 24 hr duration. Treats glaucoma - lowers intraocular pressure by increasing drainage of aq humor via contraction of ciliary muscle and constrictor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ach esterase inhibitor. Half-life=5-10 mins. Used in Tensilon edrophonium diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reversible Ach esterase inhibitor. Treats muscle weakness - preference for Nm receptors. Half-life=2-4 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reversible Ach esterase inhibitor. Treats muscle weakness - preference for Nm receptors. Half-life=4-6 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Reversible Ach esterase inhibitor. ENTERS CNS! Half-life=15-40 mins.
"Phys is for eyes" - used to treat glaucoma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Reversible Ach esterase inhibitor. Treats muscle weakness - preference for Nm receptors. Half-life=4-6 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irreversible Ach esterase inhibitor. Effective for 1 week - treats chronic glaucoma. Contracts ciliary muscle to increase drainage of aq humor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irreversible Ach esterase inhibitor. Effective for 1 week - treats chronic glaucoma. Contracts ciliary muscle to increase drainage of aq humor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treats organophosphorous poisoning (echothiophate, nerve gas etc) if given quickly enough. Removes the moiety added to Ach esterase to undo the irreversible inhibition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Atropine
Scopalamine
Glycopyrollate
Ipratropium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Muscarinic antagonist. Highly selective for M receptors.
-Used pre-op to decrease secretions.
-Dose-dependent effects! Overdose can cause coma.
-Nerve gas antidote. Inhibits effects of excessive Ach in synapse. Crosses into CNS and not subject to aging. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Cholinergic antagonist - prevents brochonconstriction. Bronchodilator, good for older patients. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Beta2 agonist. Bronchodilator. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Bronchodilator. Inhibits breakdown of cAMP to AMP to keep smooth muscle relaxed. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Ganglionic blocker. Used to treat hypertension in emergencies (ie. surgery). Limited clinical use. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Ganglionic blocker. Used to treat hypertension in emergencies (ie. surgery). Limited clinical use. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Depolarizing NMJ blocker - the only one! Skeletal muscle relaxant used in surgery. Half-life = less than 1 min so support pt and wait after surgery. |
|
|
Term
| Neuromuscular Jxn Blockers - "cur" drugs |
|
Definition
d-tubocuranine
pancuronium
atracurium
gallamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NMJ antagonist. Skeletal muscle relaxant. To take pt off drug, must give Ach esterase inhibitor + muscarinic antagonist. Half-life = 1-2 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NMJ antagonist. Skeletal muscle relaxant. To take pt off drug, must give Ach esterase inhibitor + muscarinic antagonist. Half-life = 2 hrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treats malignant hyperthermia. Blocks release of Ca from SR, decreases muscle tone and heat production. Administer with ice packs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prevents release of Ach from nerve terminals. USES:
-Cosmetic
-Focal dystonia
-Strabismus
-Cervical dystonia |
|
|
Term
| Direct acting adrenomimetics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Indirect acting adrenomimetics |
|
Definition
Tyramine
Ephedrine
Amphetamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cocaine
Imipramine
Amitriptyline
SSRI's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adrenergic agonist.
- Dopamine receptors preserve blood flow to vital organs.
-Dose dependent - activates beta1 and alpha at high con.
-Increases force of contractility more than heart rate - less O2 consumption.
-Used to treat cardiogenic and hypovolemic shock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha1 agonist.
-Used to increase BP during surgery
-Nasal decongestant (decreases bloodflow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha2 agonist.
-Decrease sympathetic outflow from CNS
-Emergency anti-hypertensive
-Inhibits NE release via presynaptic receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Alpha2 agonist, pro-drug converted to alpha-methylnorepinephrine. -Choice anti-hypertensive for pregnant women. -Inhibits NE release via presynaptic receptors. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta1 agonist.
-Increases CO!
-Used to treat cardiogenic shock and septic shock. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Beta2 agonist.
-Bronchodilators!
-Treat asthma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B2 agonist.
-Relaxes smooth muscle of uterus to prevent premature delivery. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adrenergic agonist (ALL receptors) -Local anesthetics - alpha 1 vasoconstriction -Anaphylactic shock -Inhibit degranulation of mast cells (beta2) -Treat glaucoma (alpha 1, alpha 2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Adrenergic agonist (NO beta2!)
-Used to increase BP! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Indirect adrenergic agonist (alpha and beta)
-Nasal decongestant
-Treats asthma (rarely used) |
|
|
Term
D-Amphetamine
Methylphenidate |
|
Definition
Indirect acting adrenergic agonists
-D-Amphetamine = Adderall
-Methylphenidate = Ritalin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indirect acting adrenergic agonist, commonly found in cheese and fermented foods. Do not take with MAO inhibitors! |
|
|
Term
| Indirect Acting Adrenergic Agonists |
|
Definition
Ephedrine
Tyramine
D-Amphetamine
Methylphenidate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cocaine
SSRI's
Imipramine, amitryptaline (tricyclic antidepressants) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NE Reuptake inhibitor.
-NE > serotonin
-Increases serotonin in CNS to treat depression
-Side effects = tachycardia, high BP |
|
|
Term
| SSRI's (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) |
|
Definition
-Serotonin>NE
-Treats depression
-Side effects = tachycardia, high BP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Alpha1>Alpha2 blocker. Irreversible - treat pheochromocytomas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alpha2 blocker.
-Increase BP and HR because no inhibition of NE release via presynaptic receptors
-Increase parasym output (treat ED via local injection) because no inhibition of Ach release via presynaptic receptors |
|
|
Term
-Azosins
(Prasozin, Terazosin) |
|
Definition
Alpha1 blockers. Block vasoconstriction to decrease PVR.
-Treat essential hypertension
-Treat frostbite (vasodilate for warmth!) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardioselective B1 blockers |
|
Definition
Acebutolol
Betaxolol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol
"ABEAM" |
|
|
Term
| B blockers - Partial Agonists |
|
Definition
Pindolol Acebutolol -Less bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, hypoglycemia, and increased PVR
-These have greater ISA than pure beta 1 blockers (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| B1=B2 blocker. NOT USEFUL - causes bronchoconstriction! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mixed blocker! -A1>>A2 blocker - vasodilation -B1 blocker - no increase in HR -B2 agonists and blocker - neutralized SO....decrease PVR without reflex tachycardia that you see with pure A1 blockers. |
|
|
Term
| Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB's) |
|
Definition
Anti-hypertensives, prevent vasoconstriction in response to AII.
"-sartan" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-AliskiREN
-Antihypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Body cannot digest so we lose fluid via osmotic diarrhea.
-Inulin (gold standard for GFR)
-Mannitol (used clinically) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PCT diuretic
-Causes hypokalemia due to increased Na reabsorption and K secretion in CCT principal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Loop diuretic, most effective
-Causes hypokalemia due to increased K secretion in CCT principal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-DCT diuretics, most prescribed for HTN
-Causes hypokalemia due to increased K secretion in CCT principal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-CCT diuretic (K sparing)
-Aldosterone antagonist
-Causes HYPERkalemia. Decreased Na reasorption, decreased K secretion...with no CCT after it to make up for the lost Na. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Decrease conversion of angiotension to AII, increase bradykinin
Side Effects..
-Hypotension
-Angioedema
-Hyperkalemia (decreased aldosterone)
-Dry cough (increased bradykinin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Rohypnol! DATE RAPE DRUG.
-Opens Cl channels |
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|
