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pharmacology
nursing 101
71
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 1
10/21/2009

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

pharmaceutic phase  

Tablet and capsules

 

 

Definition
the dissolution of the drug, and what types of durgs go through this phase?
Term

Pharmokenetic Phase

tablets and capsuls, liquid and parenteral drugs

Definition
what the body does to the drug, a drugs activity from the time it enters the body untill it leaves. and what type of drugs go through this phase?
Term

Absorbtion

Distribution

Metabolism

excreation

half-life

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Definition
in the pharmocokinetic phase what are the activities of a drug
Term
Absorbtion  
Definition
the transference of drug molecules from point of entry in the body into the blood system
Term
active absorbtion
Definition
protein or enzyme move drug across cell membrane
Term
passive absorbtion
Definition
diffusion: from high to low
Term
pinocytosis
Definition
engulfing drug particle to move across cell
Term
active absorbtion,Passive absorbtion, and pinocytosis
Definition
what are the way of absorbtion for a solid drug
Term

route of administration

Drug solubility

PH

local conditions at site of administration

Drug dosage

serum dug levels

Definition
what are the factors that influence rate of absorbtion
Term

IV imediate

IM

SC

PO

then other absorbtive sites, skin, vagina,rectum,eyes

Definition
What are the routes of administration in order most rapid first?
Term

water soluble

 

Definition

this type of drug must have affinity for water- Passes through cell membranes thru water channels

Ex. Vitamins, (pass readily)

Term
Lipid Soluable
Definition

This type of drug is non-ionized is absorbed readily but remains in fatty tissue, Not easily distributed

Ex: Valium

Term
acidic
Definition
A_________medication will be more readily absorbed in the stomach Ex: ibprophen
Term
alkaline or base
Definition
a_______________medication will not be absorbed untill it reaches the small intestine
Term
atrophy
Definition
a decrease in the size of an organ or tissue
Term
Loading dose
Definition
a larger than normal dose given when maximal and quick effect is desired
Term
maintence dose
Definition
the usaual or daily dose
Term
therapeutic (effect) range
Definition
the desiredeffect in blood without toxicity, the desired concentration in blood serum
Term
peak level
Definition
highest plasma concentration of drug after complete absorbtion. This is measured when complete absorbtion has been achieved.
Term
Through level
Definition
when drug is at the lowest level this is drawn 30min before next dose
Term
Half life
Definition
amt of time it takes for half a dose of a drug to be elimenated from the body
Term
Distribution
Definition
transportation from site of absorbtion to site of action is called?
Term

depends on physical and chemicalproperty of the drug (water or lipid soluable)

and wheather drug has protien bonding copasity

Definition
what are the factors affecting distribution?
Term
Blood brain barrier
Definition
Difficult to pass, permits lipid bound meds, and prevents water soluable meds
Term
placental barrier
Definition
easieier passage of meds permits lipid souluable drugs to enter fetal circulation, prevents other meds from crossing?
Term
plasma protien
Definition
most drugs are bound to__________
Term
free drug
Definition
available to cross cell membrane
Term
bound drug
Definition
not available for pharmacological action
Term
biotranformation
Definition
the process  of inactivating and breaking down a med
Term
liver
Definition
primary site: the first-pass effect
Term
metabolites
Definition
enzymes in liver,lungs, kidneys,GI,skin break down med into?
Term

Disease state

age

 

Definition
what are the factors effecting metabolizm
Term
infant
Definition
enzyme system mature slowly
Term
elderly
Definition
this type of person decrease overall metabolic capacity of liver ( toxicity at normal doses)
Term
excreation
Definition
the process where the metabolites and drugs are elimenated
Term
kidneys
Definition
the main organ for drug elimenation
Term
half life
Definition
the time requried for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug
Term
5 to 6 halflives
Definition
it takes _______half lives to elimiate 98% of adrug from a body
Term

pharmocodynamic Phase

 

 

 

Definition

what the drug does to the body, the drug action and effect within the body.

There is alteration of cell physiology

Term
cellular function
Definition
causes an increase of decrease in certain physiological function(hr,BP, urinary output)
Term
side effect
Definition
the unintended effect of a drug
Term
drug tolerance
Definition
the decrease physiologic response of the body to a drug, requireing an increase in dosage to achievew the desired effect.
Term
cumulative drug effect
Definition
when rate of administration exceeds rate of metabolism
Term
drug toxicity
Definition

this is harmful reactions on tissues or organs

 

Term
idiosyncratic
Definition
the unusual, abnormal, or pecular reaction to a drug cause not clear
Term
teratogenic
Definition
devepmental defects of a drug in the embryo or fetus
Term
additive effect
Definition
effects occure when 2 drugs with similar pharmocologicalactions are taken together
Term
synergistic effect
Definition

occures when 2 drugs with different pharmacological actions produced greater effects when taken together then either dose when taken alone

ex: tylenol w codien

Term
antagonist effect
Definition

one drug interfers with the action of others, neutralizes or decreases effect of other

ex: protamine sufate on heparine

narcan on a narcotic

Term
drug abuse
Definition
inappropriate intake of a substance
Term

generic

drug nomenclature

Definition
name given to a drug, less expensive
Term
trade name
Definition
brand or proprietary name, 1st letter always capitolized
Term

controlled release

sustained release

slow actiog

long acting

time released

Definition

name these abbreviation for types of drugs

CR

SR

SA

LA

TR

Term

down &back

straight & back

up & back

Definition

ways to give ear drops

infant-3?

school age?

adult?

Term
anagesic, antipyretic,and anti-anflamatory
Definition
pharmacological effects of salicylates (ASA)?
Term
by dialating peripheral blood vessels
Definition
how do salicylates decrease body temp.
Term
it prolonges the bleeding time by inhibiting the aggregation (clumping)of platlets
Definition
what effects does ASA have on bleeding
Term

relieving mild to moderate

relieves elevated body temp

tx inflamatory conditions

reducing clots and strokes

helps haintain pregancy

Definition
list common uses of salicylates
Term
gi bleeding,gi upset,anorexia, nausea, allergic reaction,heartburn,vomiting
Definition
adverse reactions with ASA
Term
salicylism
Definition
over dose of Salycilic meds, characterized by dizzyness,impaired hearing, Tinnitus nasua, vomiting, tacycardia, sweating, rapid deep breathing, mental confusion, possile coma is called
Term

 

nonsalicylates

Definition

non-opioid analgesic

inhibits platelet aggression, is an anaglgesic of choicewhen bleeding tendencys is an issue

antipyretic

Term
liver, and tx, is macromyst(gastric Lavage)
Definition
toxicity from nonsalycitates (acetaminaphen) effects what organ and what is the tx?
Term

charchole

and gastric lavage

Definition
what is the tx for salicylate overdose?
Term
opioids
Definition
morphine, codine, hydrochlorides are all?
Term
synthetic narcotic agents
Definition
methadone, levorphanol, and remifentanil are all?
Term
analgesic, antipyretic,and anti inflammatory
Definition
phamscological effectsof NSAIDS?
Term
patient controlled anagesic
Definition
What is a PCA?
Term
Epidural
Definition
Has a Long lasting and systemic effect
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