Term
| Most abundant amino acid neurotransmitter in the CNS |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 neutral AA and what is there action |
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Definition
1) gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)
2) Glycine
Both are IPSPs causing hyperpolarization due to K or Cl conductance |
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Term
| Found in trace amount in the PNS and majority in the CNS accounting for 50% of inhibitory synapses in the brain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
decarboxilation of glutamic acid
glutamic acid
decarboxylace(GAD)
Glutamic Acid-----------------> GABA
Vit B6 (coenzyme) |
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Term
| hyperpolarization of Cl influx |
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Definition
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Term
agonist and antagonist of Gaba A
Where is Gaba A found |
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Definition
muscimol and bicuculline
cortex, basal ganglia and hippocampus |
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Term
Where is Gaba B found
Agonist and Antagonist of Gaba B |
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Definition
cerebellum and spinal cord
baclofen and phaclofen |
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Term
| associated stuctures of Gaba A |
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Definition
| benzodiazepine and barbiturate binding sites |
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Term
| hyperpolarization due to K efflux |
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Definition
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Term
| antagonist of Gaba A and used in OD of barbit. and benzodiazepines |
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Definition
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Term
| Which form of Gaba is an ion channel and which is a G protein coupled receptor |
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Definition
A- Ion Channel
B- G protein |
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Term
| mostly in grey matter and high conc. in the spinal cord and lower brain stem |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the action produced by glycine on a glycine receptor. |
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Definition
| increases Cl conductance which causes IPSP |
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Term
| when is glycine excitatory |
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Definition
| When activating a NMDA receptor (glutamate) |
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Term
| glycine can be inhibitory on what stuctures |
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Definition
| receptors on the Pre and postsynaptic, and other structures such as astrocytes |
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Term
Name 2 acidic AA neurotransmitters
Which is more abundant |
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Definition
Glutamate and Aspartate
Glutamate |
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Term
How do Acidic AA neurotransmitters cause depolarization
What are they |
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Definition
increase Na conductance in the postsynaptic membrane (EPSP)
Glutamate and Aspartate |
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Term
Most abundant AA neurotransmitter
What % of neurotransmission and what kind |
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Definition
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Term
| What can happen if glutamate is fired in excess (2 things) |
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Definition
1) damage to target neuron
2) Destroy parts of brain and seizures |
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Term
| What receptors are activated by Glutamate (3) as agonist |
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Definition
1) NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate)
2) Kainate
3) Quisqualate |
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Term
action of NMDA receptor in presence of agonist
what are the agonists |
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Definition
increase Na conductance (slow depol)
NMDA, aspartate, glutamate, glycine |
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Term
action of kainate receptor in presence of agonist
what are the agonists |
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Definition
increase Na and Ca conductance
kainate, aspartate, glutamate |
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Term
action of quisqualate receptor in presence of agonist
What are the agonists |
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Definition
increase Na conductance (fast depol)
quisqualate, glutamate |
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Term
| what are the neurotranmitters of the CNS (5) |
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Definition
1)AA
2)Acetylcholine
3)Catacholamines
4)Serotonin (5-HT)
5)Peptides |
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Term
| First neurotransmitter identified |
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Definition
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Term
| activates both nicotinic and muscarinic receptors |
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Definition
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Term
| most neurons located in the subcortical area with few found in the cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| functional role of cholinergic neurons in the CNS (4) |
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Definition
1) memory
2) Motivation, perception, cognition
3) Attention
4) Fine motor function |
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Term
| nicotinic and muscarinic are types of receptors |
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Definition
nic- ion channel
mus- G-protein coupled receptor |
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Term
N1 and M1 have what function
N2 and M2 have what function |
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Definition
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Term
| Catacholamines contain which neurotransmitters (3) |
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Definition
1) dopamine
2) norepinephrine
3) epinehrine |
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Term
| Catacholamines contain which neurotransmitters (3) |
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Definition
1) dopamine
2) norepinephrine
3) epinehrine |
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Term
| give the entire catacholamine cascade including enzymes |
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Definition
tyrosine-->dopa-->Dopamine--> norepinephrine-->epinephrine
enzymes:tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, dopamine hyrdoxylase, and methyl transferase |
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Term
| give the entire catacholamine cascade including enzymes |
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Definition
tyrosine-->dopa-->Dopamine--> norepinephrine-->epinephrine
enzymes:tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, dopamine hyrdoxylase, and methyl transferase |
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Term
| what are the dopamine receptors and NE and EPI receptors |
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Definition
DA- D1-D5
NE and EPI- alpha 1&2, beta 1&2 |
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Term
| inactivation of catacholamines occurs by (3) |
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Definition
1) reuptake (primary)
2) metabolism (secondary)
3) Drift away from synapse |
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Term
| Monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catacholaine methyl transferase (COMT) will metbolize what |
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Definition
MAOa- NE, EPI, and 5-HT
MAOb- DA
COMT- DA, NE,EPI |
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Term
| What are the 2 enzymes that metabolize catacholamines |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 enzymes that metabolize catacholamines |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 enzymes that metabolize catacholamines |
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Definition
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Term
| where is EPI and NE found in the brain |
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Definition
EPI- diffuse but mainly in the medulla oblongata
NE- in the locus ceruleus of medulla and sends fibers to anterior brain via the medial forebrain bundle |
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Term
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Definition
1) Nigrostriatal
2) mesolimbic forebrain system
3) mesocortical
4) tuberoinfundibular |
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Term
| what is the serotonin synthesis pathway with enzymes |
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Definition
tryptophan-->5-hydroxytryptophan-->
5-hydroxytryptoamin(5HT)
enzymes: tryptophan hydroxylase, decarboxylase |
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Term
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Definition
5HT1(a-f)
5HT2(a-c)
5HT3-5HT7 |
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Term
| pathway of serotonin inactivation |
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Definition
5HT---->5HIA----------->5HIAA
MAO aldehyde
dehydrogenase
reuptake back to presynaptic is also a major pathway |
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Term
The collection of 9 nuclei in the midline region of the pons and upper brain sten
What do they contain |
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Definition
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Term
| Which 5HT receptory are excitatory and which are inhibitory |
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Definition
excit- 5HT2, 4, 6, 7
inhib- 5HT1
All are G protein coupled receptors |
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Term
| which serotonin receptor is an ion channel receptor |
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Definition
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Term
| what makes peptide neurotransmitters distinct |
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Definition
| synthesis takes place on ribosomes in cell body and directed by mRNA |
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Term
| what was the first neuropeptide dicovered, and how long is it |
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Definition
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