Term
Epoetin Alfa
(Epogen, Procrit) |
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Definition
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent used to increase production of erythrocytes.
Increases risk for hypertension, blod clots, strokes and MI.
Do not take if Hx of CHF, HTN, stroke, MI, blood clots, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, cancer or epilepsy, seizure disorders or pregnancy.
Check CBC regularly, monitor BP.
Reduces need for blood transfusion. |
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Term
Filgrastim
(G-CSF)(Neupogen) |
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Definition
Stimulates production of WBCs.
Usually given to chemotherapy or neutropenic patients. Serious side effects are wheezing, difficulty breathing, fever, stomach or side pain. Pt is on reverse precautions to protect them from us. Increased risk of infection d/t compromised immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opiod used for acute and chronic pain. Can cause sedation, arrhythmias, shock, cardiac arrest, decreased respirations and constipation. Take with food, assess for patients safety, avoid ETOH, antihistamines and other OTC drugs. Assess for any allergic reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relief of moderate to severe pain. Narcotic agonist producing analgesia, sedation and a sense of well being or euphoria. Also used as an antitussive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used in cases of overdose on narcotics. Reverses opiod effects by blocking opiod receptors. Adverse side effects is nausea, vomitting, sweating, tachycardia, hypotension (symptoms of Acute narcotic abstinence syndrome) hypertension, pulmonary edema. Assess for Hx of MI, CAD, pregnancy, monitor VS, resp. rate, and neurological status. Provide for safety, assess for GI upset, monitor for adverse effects, patient teaching. |
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Term
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen
(Vicodin) |
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Definition
| Relief of moderate pain in combination, relief of cough and fever. Narcotic agonist, producing analgesia, sedation and euphoria. Respiratory depression with apnea, GI upset, N/V, dizziness, constipation. Assess risk for falls, assess VS, and respirations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Relief of moderate to severe pain during labor and delivery; Tx of postpartum pain; used as adjunt to general anesthesia. Produces analgesia, sedation, euphoria and hallucinations. Avoid if pt has allergy, decreases respiratory rate, assess for falls, monitor mothers HR, neonates HR. Caution in pts. with Hx of MI, CAD, HTN, may cause cardiac stimulation (Arrhythmias, angina, heart failure). |
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Term
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Definition
| Produce analgesia, sedation, euphoria. Will depress respiratory system, cause GI upset, create neuro effects such as dizziness, hallucinations, impaired mental processes, and cardiac effects such as MI, stroke, CAD, HTN. Highly addictive, must be locked up and counted. If wasted, two nurses need to sign off. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antipyretic, analgesic. No anti-inflammatory effects. Pts who have liver disease or chronic alcoholism should avoid because of associated toxic effects on the liver (metabolized in liver). Assess for hepatic or renal disease, cardiac dysfunction, HTN, GI bleed, or peptic ulcer. Causes vasodilation and heat release. Pt. education on overdose avoidance may be necessary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs that relieve pain/Drugs that block fevers. Include salicylates, NSAIDs, and other related agents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Benzodiazepine, anti-anxiety med used as a sedative, muscle relaxant, anti-epileptic, preop anxiolytic. Causes drowsiness. Treats anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawls, agitation and hyperexcitability. Monitor injection sites; druge of choice if route chance is anticipated; taper after long term therapy. Assess for pt safety, neuro checks, respiratory difficulties, cardiovascular difficulties, and constipation. Avoid abrubt cessation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tx of anxiety; panic attacks. Benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug. Causes drowsiness, assess for pt safety. Used in anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal and preop. Taper after long term therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Potent benzodiazepine, antianxiety, sedative, relaxant, used in preanesthesia for the preop patient. Causes drowsiness, lethargy, blurred vision, headaches and confusion. Assess for pt safety, monitor neuros. Pt will have no memory. Can have dry mouth, constipation, N/V, and elevated liver enzymes. Monitor injection sites, urine output, avoid abrupt cessation of drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonbarbituate General Anesthetic, CNS depressant, relaxant, causes drowsiness and "twilight effect" of conscious sedation. Will cause N/V and resp depression. Produces analgesia,and amnesia before procedures, and can cause lethargy, apathy, disorientation, restlessness, constipation, diarrhea, incontinence, urinary retention, brady/tachycardia, and phlebitis at IV site. Assess IV site, assess pt safety. Pts at risk for skin breakdown and decubitis ulcers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreases fear, anxiety, hyperexcitability, can cause drowiness, nausea, vomitting. Can cause respiratory, circulatory, GI and neurological depression. Safety/falling is one of the main nursing risks. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreases secretions usually preop, used to restore cardiac rate and blood pressure after vagal stimulation. Used to dilate the bronchi, relax the GI and genitourinary tracts. Also causes mydriasis or relaxation of the pupil. Less effective in African Americans. Also an antidote for cholinergic drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
| BLocks the effects of acetylcholine, which blocks the parasympathetic nervous system. Used to decrese secretions, decrease GI activity. |
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Term
Nitrous Oxide
(Inhalation) |
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Definition
"Laughing gas"
Anesthetic gas, rapid onset.
Analgesic, antianxiety, euphoric effect.
CNS depression
Used frequently for dental surgery, does not cause muscle relaxation, and usually combined with other agents for anesthetic use. Can cause hypoxia, assess oxygen saturation, chest pain and stroke. Can cause acute sinus and middle ear pain. Can cause vomitting, cardio depression and resp depression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonbarbiturate General Anesthetic, can cause local burning on injection, bradycardia, hypotension, and apnea. Rapid clearance from system, less of a hangover effect. Used to maintain patients on mechanical ventilation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to create complete or partial loss of sensation. Includes balanced, general and local. Pt is NPO. |
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Term
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Definition
Local anesthetic, blocks conduction of nerves, longer duration. Ex. Epidurals. Do not use with Bier-Block. Can cause skin breakdown, headache, dizziness, tremors, blurred vision, bachache, N/V, peripheral vasod
ilation, myocardial depression, arrhythmias and BP changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Local and topical anesthetic. Antidysrhythmis, toxicity=seizure and uneven heartbeat. Preferred for short procedures. Dangerous if absorbed systemically. Can cause headaches, backaches, hypotension, pruritis. When locally applied, can cause burning, stinging, swelling and tenderness. Assess neuros, skin integrity, VS, lab tests. |
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Term
Magnesium Oxide/
Magnesium Sulfate |
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Definition
M.O.M.
Treats hypomagnesiumia, take with water, can cause constipation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Electrolyte used for nutritional support. Interacts with heart meds, diuretics, digoxin. Treats hypokalemia, steadies heartbeat. |
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Term
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
(Kayexalate) |
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Definition
Treats hyperkalemia by increasing excretion.
N/V/C/D
Do not give with antacids/laxatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Loop diuretic, monitor pts K+, take in the morning, rapid acting, loop of Henle. Profound H2O and electrolyte loss. Monitor I&O and daily weights, along with BP. |
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Term
Hydrochlorothiazide
(HCTZ) |
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Definition
| Works on distal convoluted tubule, take in the AM, monitor I&O, BP and daily weights. Used in heart failure. |
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Term
Spironolactone
(Aldactone) |
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Definition
| Potassium sparring, risk for hyperkalemia, take in the AM. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase amount of urine produces, increase sodium exretion. Used for edema associated with heart failure, acute pulmonary edemy, Tx of HTN. Includes Thiazide, Loop,Potassium sparring, osmotic, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Take on an empty stomach, do not take with orange juice, excreted rapid-frequent dosing. Antibiotic. Assess for any allergies of cillins or cephalosporins, check culture and sensitivity to ensure it's the correct drug, take full course of the drug, small frequent meals (med can cause GI upset), photosensitivity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Can take with food, broad spectrum antibiotic, can cause N/V/D glossitis, stomatitis, bone marrow supression, superinfections, lethargy. Take entire dose, check culture and sensitivy, assess for allergies, monitor pts. response. |
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Term
Tetracycline
(Achromycin) |
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Definition
| Commonly used for acne, take on an empty stomach with water, avoid antacids/dairy, can affect bone and enamel development, do not use in children <8 years old. Tx of infections when penicillin is contraindicated. STD Tx. N/V, photosensitivity, superinfections, rash. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fluorquinolone, can cause liver damage, N/V, increases photosensitivity, hyperglycemia, headaches dizziness, hypotension, diarrhea, rash. Do not take with antacids or NSAIDs. Provide fluids, monitor the infection, assess for pt safety. |
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Term
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Definition
| Increase hydration, check BUN and creatinine, hearing tests, aminoglycoside. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tx of mild to moderate resp infections and urethritis in adults and otitis media and pharyngitis/tonsillitis in children. Monitor digoxin levels if recieving, increases effects of oral anticoagulants/corticosterioids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cephalosporin antibiotic. Cross allergy with penicillin medications. Check for bloody diarrhea or abdominal pain, assess for safety d/t lethargy, superinfection may occur, take entire recommended dose. First generation antibiotic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tx of severe infections, preop prophylaxis for C-Sections, GI/GU surgery prophylaxis. Cross allergy with penicillin, cephalosporin. Second generation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fourth generation cephalosporin, Tx of moderate to severe skin, urinary tract and resp infections. Cross allergy with penicillin. |
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