Term
| How do we define bioterrorism? |
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Definition
| Bioterrorism – intentional use of biologic agents, chemical substances, or radiation to cause widespread harm or illness |
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Term
| What is the role of the nurse in emergency management? |
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Definition
Follow Facility Disaster Plan
- Implemented in phases
Education – give accurate information about potential threats or real threats to public correcting and misinformation
Resources - Maintain a current list of health and law enforcement agencies and resources in local communities that may respond to a emergency
-Contacts include: EMS, hazardous materials responder, and law enforcement Diagnosis and Treatment - signs, symptoms & immediate treatments of chemical/biological agents and report findings to appropriate authorities
Planning – Involved in disaster planning and drills |
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Term
| Who would be involved in Emergency Preparedness? |
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Definition
| health care professionals, EMS, law enforcement is essential during a disaster or bioterrorist attack |
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Term
| Strategic National Stockpile |
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Definition
Managed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
Stockpile consist of antibiotics, vaccines, and medical, surgical and client supplies
Designed to ensure immediate deployment of essential medical materials in case of biological or chemical attack
Push packs - Able to reach community within 12 hours
VMI - vendor managed inventory – reach area in 24 -36 hours of need
Include supplies specific to treatment of threat |
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Term
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Definition
Disease caused by bacterium Bacillus anthracis- normally found in hoofed animals including domestic and wild animals
Can cause serious damage to body tissues
Three types: vary in severity
Cutaneous – topical exposure
Gastrointestinal – infected foods
Inhalation – most severe if not treated (Used a part of bioterrorist attacks in 2001) |
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Term
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Definition
| Small skin lesions that turn into black scabs |
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Term
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Definition
Sore Throat, difficulty swallowing,
cramping, diarrhea, abdominal swelling |
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Term
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Definition
initially fatigue and fever
then persistent cough and SOB
Mediastinal widening on XRAY
Lethal in almost every case |
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Term
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Definition
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Prophylaxis – 500 mg PO, every 12 hours for 60 days
Confirmed case – 400 mg IV, every 12 hours
Other antibiotics that are effective:
PCN
Vancomycin
ampicilillin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Combination of Cipro and Doxycycline approved for inhalation anthrax |
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Term
| Prophylaxis treatment for anthrax recommended for.. |
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Definition
| for very few people such a military, white house officials, and those laboratory staff that have direct exposures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Poliovirus, the causative agent of poliomyelitis, is a human enterovirus and member of the family of Picornaviridae |
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Term
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Definition
| the variola virus that emerged in human populations thousands of years ago. |
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Term
| Contraindications for small pox Vaccinations |
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Definition
History of atopic dermatitis or eczema
Acute, active or exfoliative skin conditions
Altered immune status
Pregnant/breastfeeding women
Children younger than 1 year
Serious allergy to any component of the vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
Relate to overstimulation by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (block AchE, increasing the action of acetylcholine in the synaptic space)
Can cause symptoms within seconds, and respiratory failure within minutes
Resulting in symptoms of excessive salivation, increased sweating, muscle twitching, involuntary urination,defecation, confusion, convulsions, and death |
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Term
| Mark 1 injector kit for nerve agents |
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Definition
MARK-1 kit contains two separate auto injectors with the following medications:
• AtroPen- atropine sulfate, 2 mgs in 0.7mL; and
• ComboPen- pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM), 600 mgs in 2 mL |
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Term
| Nerve agents and treatments |
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Definition
Give atropine injection
Flush eyes with water
Apply sodium bicarbonate or 5% liquid bleach solution to the skin
Do not induce vomiting |
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Term
| IONIZING RADIATION exposure |
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Definition
| Can result from hundreds of different radioisotopes created by a nuclear explosion |
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Term
| Signs and Symptoms of radiation syndrome: |
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Definition
Occurs hours or days after exposure
N/V, diarrhea, Later symptoms weight loss, anorexia, fatigue, bone marrow suppression
Survivors high risk for developing cancers, particularly leukemia |
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Term
| Treating radiation exposure |
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Definition
Potassium Iodide (KI) tablets one of few recognized approaches
Prevent radioactive Iodine (I-131) from entering the thyroid gland
Protect only thyroid gland |
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Term
What are some of the more common substances involved in exposures to
humans? |
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Definition
| Analgesics, Cosmetics/personal care products, household cleaning substances,sedatives,foreign bodies, cough and cold preparations |
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Term
| Basic supportive care for toxicity? |
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Definition
Maintain airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC’s), obtain blood levels to determine level of toxicity and organ damage, acid-base balance, glucose levels
Numerous agents may be used to facilitate removal of some toxins to include, sodium bicarbonate or ammonium bicarbonate |
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Term
| Surface decontamination what should be done? |
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Definition
Remove clothing
Flush with water
Soap and water and alcohol
washes for undamaged skins
Eyes- flush with water for 20 minutes |
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Term
| What would be the treatment for carbon based poisoning? |
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Definition
Gastric Lavage:
administered within 60 minutes of ingestion, airway intact
Single dose activated charcoal |
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Term
| What would the treatment be for toxic ingestion of iron, lead, zinc, illicit drugs, sustained release or enteric coated drugs? |
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Definition
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Term
Special Antidotes counter the effects of poisons or toxins.
Anitdote for
Heparin?
Warfarin?
Morphine? |
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Definition
Heparin – protamine sulfate
Warfarin (coumadin) – vitaminK
morphine- narcan |
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