Term
| Pt is admitted to L&D with true preterm labor with cervical change have no contraindication, they become candidates for tocolytic therapy, what is it? |
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Definition
| Drug therapy to decrease uterine muscle contractions using beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists (terbutaline, Brethine) or the calcium antagonist magnesium sulfate. The goals are to: 1. Interrupt or inhibit uterine contractions to create additional time for fetal maturation in utero, 2. Delay delivery so antenatal corticosteroids can be delivered to facilitate fetal lung maturation and 3. Allow safe transport of the mother to an appropriate facility if required. |
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Term
| What is PIH? What does it do and what is it treated with? |
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Definition
| Pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational hypertension: elevated blood pressure without proteinuria after 20 gestational weeks in clients normotensive prior to pregnancy; nonpharmacologic treatments include activity reduction, lying on the left side, increased dietary protein (supplemental 90 g/day), psychosocial therapy and biofeedback; methyldopa (aldomet), hydralazine (apresoline), and Labetalol (trandate) are considered first line therapy for preeclampsia, additional alternatives include beta blockers, prazosin, nifedipine and clonidine; magnesium sulfate and hydralazine are the two most common |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates how much of the antibiotic has actually peaked in the system, obtained 30 mins after administration |
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Term
| What is antibiotic trough? |
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Definition
| indicates how much has been metabolized by the body system, obtained 30 mins before administration |
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Term
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Definition
| can be identified by monitoring the therapeutic range of the drug, can involve the liver, kidneys, CNS and other systems |
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Term
| If pt is allergic to pcn and has an order for it, what do you do? |
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Definition
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Term
| When taking an antibiotic what do you advise the pt? |
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Definition
| Finish the entire prescription even if you feel better |
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Term
| What are the side effects of cephalosporins? |
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Definition
| GI disturbances (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), alteration in blood clotting time (increased bleeding) with administration of large doses, and nephrotoxicity (toxicity to the kidney) in individuals w/ a preexisting renal disorder |
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Term
| What is thrush and the proper course of action? |
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Definition
| Candidiasis of the oral cavity, characterized by small whitish eruptions on the mouth, throat and tongue; call the doctor |
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Term
| Pt is ER w/ high fever, rash and headache. DX bacterial infection, what is prescribed? |
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Definition
| Broad spectrum antibiotic (tetracycline, cephalosporins) |
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Term
| Allergy or hypersensitivity to PCN, what is given? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the side effects of azithromycin (Zithromax)? |
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Definition
| Hepatotoxicity (liver toxicity), monitor liver enzymes |
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Term
| What are the side effects of tetracycline? |
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Definition
| GI disturbances, photosensitivity, irreversibly discolors permanent teeth, superinfection |
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Term
| What are the side effects of aminoglycosides? |
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Definition
| Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity |
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Term
| Pt is diabetic and diagnosed with a serious infection and prescribed Levaquin, what labs do you check? |
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Definition
| BUN and serum creatinine to determine renal function and too much sugar, levels will be up |
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Term
| Sulfonamides can cause crystalluria, what patient teaching needs to be done? |
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Definition
| Drink lots of water, increasing fluid intake dilutes the drug helping to prevent crystalluria |
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Term
| What do you teach a pt about photosensitivity? |
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Definition
| Advise client to wear sunglasses, avoid direct sunlight, and use sun block and protective clothing to decrease the risk of photosensitive reactions |
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Term
| How often would a medication with a short half life be taken? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the tetracycline dosing for acne? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When should tetracycline be taken for best absorption? |
|
Definition
| One hour before or two hours after meals with a full glass of water |
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Term
| When taking methoxsalen for psoriasis, what are some precautions to take for side effects? |
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Definition
| Avoid sunlight, sunlight could cause burning and blistering |
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Term
|
Definition
| Minoxidil causes vasodilation, increasing cutaneous blood flow |
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Term
| For a Coumadin pt, the antidote for overdose is Vitamin K, but it takes 24-48 hours to be effective. What should this pt avoid while taking coumadin? |
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Definition
| Greens which are high in vit k |
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Term
| Pts on pilocarpine for glaucoma are contraindicated by which pts? |
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Definition
| ASTHMATICS, htn, corneal abrasion, hyperthyroidism, coronary vascular disease, urinary tract obstruction, gastrointestinal obstruction, ulcer disease, parkinsonism, and bradycardia |
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Term
| Topical anesthetics are used in selected aspects of a comprehensive eye exam and in the removal of foreign bodies from the eye. What does it cause? |
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Definition
| The blink reflex is temporarily lost, therefore the corneal epithelium is not kept moist. |
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Term
Ocular Therapeutic System:
(Ocusert: pilocarpine: ocular therapeutic system: Ocusert is a wafer thin disk impregnated with time release pilocarpine. The disk is replaced every 7 days. Clients should check for the presence of the ocusert disk in the conjunctival sac daily at bedtime and on awakening. The onset of action is unknown(1hr), the peak is 1.5-2 hrs, and the duration of action is 7 days) |
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Definition
| EXCEPT: to recommend early morning insertion |
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Term
| 9 month old in ER with otitis media, what is the first line of treatment? |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Augmentin) |
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Term
| Systemic absorption is possible but not common with the use of miotics. How would the nurse reduce systemic absorption of eye drops? |
|
Definition
| Gently apply pressure to the lacrimal duct (passage that carries tears into the nose) |
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Term
| Systemic absorption is possible but not common with the use of miotics. How would the nurse reduce systemic absorption of eye drops? |
|
Definition
| Gently apply pressure to the lacrimal duct (passage that carries tears into the nose) |
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Term
| Oral contraceptives can cause clotting and should not be taken by these pts due to increasing the risk of clotting? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms reported in menopause? |
|
Definition
| Sudden episodes of vasolilation(HOT FLASHES), changing menses, and vaginal dryness |
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Term
| What is the clearest indication for androgen therapy? |
|
Definition
| Hypogonadism, occurs when there is insufficient testosterone production by the testes |
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Term
| How do we take synthetic androgen? |
|
Definition
| Take with food or milk to decrease GI upset |
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Term
| What are the physical effects of virilization? |
|
Definition
| The development of male sex characteristics such as hirsutism(increased male hair growth patterns) |
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Term
| What is most commonly abused by athletes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pt is admitted to L&D with true preterm labor with cervical change have no contraindication, they become candidates for tocolytic therapy, what is it? |
|
Definition
| Drug therapy to decrease uterine muscle contractions using beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists (terbutaline, Brethine) or the calcium antagonist magnesium sulfate. The goals are to: 1. Interrupt or inhibit uterine contractions to create additional time for fetal maturation in utero, 2. Delay delivery so antenatal corticosteroids can be delivered to facilitate fetal lung maturation and 3. Allow safe transport of the mother to an appropriate facility if required. |
|
|
Term
| What is PIH? What does it do and what is it treated with? |
|
Definition
| Pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational hypertension: elevated blood pressure without proteinuria after 20 gestational weeks in clients normotensive prior to pregnancy; nonpharmacologic treatments include activity reduction, lying on the left side, increased dietary protein (supplemental 90 g/day), psychosocial therapy and biofeedback; methyldopa (aldomet), hydralazine (apresoline), and Labetalol (trandate) are considered first line therapy for preeclampsia, additional alternatives include beta blockers, prazosin, nifedipine and clonidine; magnesium sulfate and hydralazine are the two most common |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Potocin is the synthetic form of oxytocin which is a uterotropic drug that enhances uterine contractility by stimulating the smooth muscle of the uterus. Used for labor induction and labor augmentation(stimulation of effective uterine contractions once labor has begun). A pt with uterine inertia (uterine activity or hypotonic contractions) may be more responsive to oxytocin than the pt who has not begun labor. |
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|
Term
| What are the indications for labor induction? |
|
Definition
| Pregnancy-induced hypertension, chronic hypertension, membrane rupture >24hrs, chorioamnionitis, postdates(>42 weeks gestation), intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR), positive contraction stress test (CST), maternal diabetes mellitus (classes B-F), maternal renal disease, isoimmunization, intrauterine fetal death |
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Term
| What is the most common bacteria that causes UTI? |
|
Definition
| For both lower UTI (acute cystitis) and upper UTI (acute pyelonephritis), Escherichia coli is the most common organism that causes UTIs. |
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Term
| What are the side effects of macrodantin (nitrofurantoin, furalan) used to treat UTI |
|
Definition
| Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, rust/brown discoloration of urine, diarrhea, rash, pruritus, dizziness, headache, drowsiness, discoloration of teeth if taking orally without rinsing, avoid antacids because they interfere with drug absorption, and do not crush tabs. Also, increase fluids and take drug with food to minimize GI upset |
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Term
| What is trimethoprim? Why is it used as a combo? |
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Definition
| Trimethoprim (proloprim, trimpex) can be used alone to treat UTIs, although it is usually used in combination with a sulfonamide, sulfamethoxazole (the combined preparation is generically called co-trimoxazole (bactrim, septra), or TMP/SMZ), to prevent the occurrence of trimethoprim resistant organisms. This drug combo produces slow acting bactericidal effects against most gram + and gram- organisms. |
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Term
| What is the dosing for mycostatin (nystatin)? |
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Definition
| Mycostatin is a poylene antifungal drug that is administered orally or topically to treat candidal infection, the normal po dosage is 400,000-600,000 units q6-8hr |
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Term
| What is the purpose of urinary analgesics? |
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Definition
| Urinary analgesics are used to relieve the pain, burning sensation and frequency and urgency of urination that are symptomatic of lower UTIs. |
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Term
| What are the side effects of pyridium (phenazopyridine)? |
|
Definition
| The drug can cause GI disturbances, hemolytic anemia, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, the urine becomes a harmless reddish orange because of the dye, it can also alter the glucose urine test |
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Term
| What is urecholine used for? |
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Definition
| Urecholine (bethanechol chloride), is a parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) that may be used to stimulate micturition (urination); the drug action is to increase bladder tone by increasing tone of the detrusor urinal muscle which produces a contraction strong enough to stimulate urination |
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Term
| What is the purpose of detrol (tolterodine tartrate)? |
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Definition
| Detrol is an antimuscarinic (agent that blocks parasympathetic nerve impulses)/anticholinergic used to control an overactive bladder, also decreases urge urinary incontinence. |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of pyelonephritis? |
|
Definition
| Symptoms of an upper UTI, would include chills, high fever, flank pain, pain during urination, urinary frequency and urgency, and pyuria. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of urinary antiseptics in low doses? |
|
Definition
| They have a bacteriostatic effect (inhibit bacterial growth) |
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|
Term
| What do you notice most about the medications generic spelling with ACE inhibitors (anticholinergic effect)? |
|
Definition
| They end in –pril i.e…lisinopril |
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Term
| What are some side effects of diuretics? |
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Definition
| Diuretics are used for two main purposes: to decrease htn, and to decrease edema in heart failure and renal or liver disorders, they can cause hypotension, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, dehydration, ototoxicity and bradycardia |
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Term
| What are some instructions you can advise the patient to do when taking Diuretics? |
|
Definition
Instruct on increase and frequency of urination
Instruct to rise slowly from lying or sitting position
Instruct to protect skin from sun
Eat foods high in potassium
Check B/P, pulse before each dose |
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|
Term
| What types of medications can mask symptoms of disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long does St Johns Wart to become therapeutic? |
|
Definition
| therapeutic in 4-8 weeks. |
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