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Definition
| The study of substances that interact with living systems through chemical processes. |
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Definition
| The science of substances used to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease. |
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| Relationship between drug dosage and time-course of drug concentration in the body, usually as reflected in plasma drug concentrations. |
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| Concerned with the mechanism of drug action, including the relationship between drug concentration and the magnitude of effect (dose-response). |
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Definition
| What type of drug administration goes in one of the ends of the GI tract? |
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| What type of drug administration is an IM injection? |
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Term
1. oral
2. sublingual
3. buccal
4. Rectal |
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Definition
| What are the 4 ways of enteral administration? |
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Definition
| What mechanism of drug transport is when drug molecules penetrate by diffusion along a concentration gradient by virtue of its solubility in th emembrane lipid bilayer? |
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Definition
| What type of drug transport is the carrier-mediated process in which there is no input of energy, and therefore, enhanced movement of the involved substance is down an electrochemical gradient? |
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| What type of drug transport is characterized by a direct requirement for energy, movement against an electrochemical gradient, saturability, selectivity and competitive inhibition by cotransported compounds? |
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Definition
| What drug transport is seen with movement of water and solute through pores as a result of hydrostatic pressure difference? |
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| What type of drug transport deals with internalization of substances from the extracellular environment throught the formation of vesicles formed from the cell membrane? |
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Definition
| What type of drug transport has two charged compounds (+) and (-) may "interact" to migrate through a cell membrane? |
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Definition
| Which route of administration has 100% absorption? |
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| What route of drug administration has an increased risk for ADR's and cannot be used for oily or insoluble substances? |
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Definition
| What route of drug adminstration can be used for suspension or slow release implants? |
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| What route of drug adminstration is not suitable for large volumes or irritating substances? |
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| What route of drug administration cannot be used with people on anticoagulants? |
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Definition
| What route of drug administration is convenient and generally safe but is highly dependent on pt compliance? |
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Definition
| What are membrane proteins that control the influx of essential nutrients and ions and the efflux of cellular waste, environmental toxins, and drugs? |
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Definition
| What are the two most important transporters? |
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Active transport
*best studied: P-glycoprotein & CFTR |
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Definition
| What type of transport do ABC proteins use? |
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Definition
| What control the influx of essential nutrients, ions (and certain drugs) and the efflux of toxins and certain drugs? |
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Definition
| What are transporters in the hepatocyte function in the uptake and efflux of drugs across the sinusoidal membrane and efflux of drugs into the bile across the canalicular membrane? |
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Definition
| What is an important excretory mechanisms for drugs and foreign chemicals, and includes transport proteins for both organic cations and anions at the level of the proximal tubules? |
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Definition
| What type of transport is GI absorption? |
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Definition
| Which law controls the amount of chemical that can penetrate from one side of the membrane to the other? |
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Definition
| What part of the GI factors determines how much drug is available for absorption? |
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Definition
| Most drugs are _____ electrolytes. |
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Definition
| The mucosal lining of the GI tract is largely impermeable to the _____ form of a weak acid or base. |
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Definition
| What stands for the pH at which half the drug is in its ionized form? |
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| Henderson-Hasselbach Equation |
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Definition
| Which equation shows the influence of ionization on drug absorption? |
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Definition
| For a given pKa (and therefore relative degree of ionization) the larger the lipid solubility, the ______ the absorption is. |
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Definition
| From which organ is drug absorption the fastest? |
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Definition
| Absorption is facilitated at sites where ionization is _________. |
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Definition
| Slowing the rate of gastric emptying ______ the rate of drug absorption. |
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Definition
| Where must weak bases get absorbed? |
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Term
passive diffusion
*this is called ion trapping |
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Definition
| Drugs that cross membranes by what tranport system tend to accumulate in compartments where the degree of ionization is the greatest? |
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Term
1. vascular
2. interstitial
3. intracellular |
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Definition
| Once a drug gains access to the vascular compartment, the body water may be regarded as partitioned into three compartments. What are these compartments? |
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Definition
| What relates the amount of drug in the body to the plasma concentration? |
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Definition
| What is the Vd for vascular? |
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Definition
| What is the Vd for extracellular? |
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Definition
| What is the Vd for total body H20? |
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Definition
| Where has binding occurred if the Vd exceeds the total body water? |
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Term
| Clearance (Cl) & Volume of Distribution (Vd) |
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Definition
| Which two determinants affect the pharmacokinetic behavior of a drug? |
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Definition
| What is the equation for pharmacokinetic behavior of a drug? |
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Term
Higher = aspirin (11)
*Heparin (5) |
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Definition
| Which drug has a higher Vd, heparin or aspirin? |
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Definition
| What plasma protein is used for binding acidic drugs? |
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Term
Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein
*primarily weak bases |
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Definition
| Which plasma proteins are used for binding basic drugs? |
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Term
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Definition
| What plasma proteins transport drugs that are lipid soluble? |
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