Term
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Definition
| •THE FORCE OF ATTRACTION OF A MOLECULE TO A RECEPTOR SITE |
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Term
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Definition
| •A DRUG THAT HAS A DIRECT STIMULATORY EFFECT ON A RECEPTOR |
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Term
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Definition
| •A DRUG THAT INTERFERES WITH THE ACTION OF AN AGONIST |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE DOSE ABOVE WHICH NO FURTHER BENEFICIAL DRUG EFFECT WILL OCCUR |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE ADMINISTRATION OF A DRUG THROUGH THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, BY MOUTH |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE MAGNITUDE OF RESPONSE OBTAINED FROM OPTIMAL RECEPTOR SITE OCCUPANCY BY A DRUG |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE TIME IT TAKES FOR HALF THE DRUG TO BE REMOVED FROM THE BODY |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE ABILITY TO CAUSE AN EFFECT OR ACTION |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE ADMINISTRATION OF A DRUG BYPASSING THE GI TRACT, USUALLY THROUGH INJECTION INTO THE BODY IN VARIOUS WAYS BUT ALSO INCLUDING INHALATION AND TOPICAL |
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Term
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Definition
| •A DRUG WITH AFFINITY FOR THE RECEPTOR SITE, BUT UNABLE TO PRODUCE A STRONG EFFECT OR ACTION |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE MECHANISMS OF DRUG ACTION INVOLVING BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS OF DRUGS |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, METABOLISM, AND EXCRETION OF A DRUG |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE USE OF PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, OR PREVENT DISEASE |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE CONCENTRATION AT WHICH THE DRUG ELICITS 50% OF ITS MAXIMAL RESPONSE, RELATED TO THE DRUG'S AFFINITY FOR THE RECEPTOR |
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Term
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Definition
| •A SPECIALIZED AREA ON A CELL OR WITHIN A CELL WHERE A DRUG ACTS TO INITIATE A SERIES OF BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGIC EFFECTS |
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Term
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Definition
| •DRUG THAT PRODUCES A SIGNIFICANT PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE WHEN ONLY A RELATIVELY SMALL # OF RECEPTORS ARE OCCUPIED |
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Term
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Definition
| •OVERDOSE, UNDESIRABLE EFFECTS, OR POISONING |
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Term
| LIST 4 PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY THAT THE ORAL HEALTH PROFESSIONAL MUST UNDERSTAND IN ORDER TO PROVIDE INFORMATION ON DRUG EFFECTS |
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Definition
•KNOWING HOW THE DRUG WORKS (MECHANISM OF ACTION)
•POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS
•ORAL HEALTH EDUCATION INFORMATION RELATED TO DRUG EFFECTS
•THE RISKS OF TAKING A DRUG |
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Term
| DESCRIBE THE STEPS A DRUG FOLLOWS AFTER BEING DELIVERED TO BODY CELLS |
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Definition
•DELIVERY
•COMPLEX FORMATION (BINDS TO RECEPTOR)
•DRUG-RECEPTOR INTERACTION
•MECHANISM OF ACTION |
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Term
| ABSORPTION USUALLY OCCURS IN THE _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| DISTRIBUTION USUALLY OCCURS IN THE _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| METABOLISM USUALLY OCCURS IN THE _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| ELIMINATION USUALY OCCURS IN THE _________ |
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Definition
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Term
| LIST 7 FEATURES OF RECEPTORS |
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Definition
•CELLULAR MACROMOLECULES
•LOCATION ON THE CELL SURFACE OR WITHIN THE CELL
•HUNDREDS OF DIFFERENT RECEPTORS ON A SINGLE CELL
•*COMPLEMENTARY FIT* BETWEEN DRUG AND RECEPTOR
•ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARGE
•HYDROPHILIC OR HYDROPHOBIC
•ONLY ONE DRUG MOLECULE CAN OCCUPY A RECEPTOR AT ONE TIME |
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Term
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Definition
| •INTERACTIONS OCCURING BETWEEN ATOMS WITH OPPOSITE CHARGES (SODIUM(+) AND CHLORIDE(-)) |
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Term
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Definition
•WHEN BOUND TO NITROGEN OR OXYGEN, THE HYDROGEN ATOMS BECOME POSITIVELY POLARIZED
•WEAKER THAN IONIC BONDS |
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Term
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Definition
•STRONGEST TYPE OF BOND BETWEEN A DRUG AND A RECEPTOR
•SHARING OF ELECTRONS BY 2 ATOMS
•EX: TETRACYCLINE AND DENTIN
•BOND IS OFTEN IRREVERSIBLE
•NOT COMMON |
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Term
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Definition
| •WEAK ATTRACTIVE FORCE BETWEEN SOME DRUGS AND THEIR RECEPTORS |
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Term
| AFFINITY/INTRINSIC- WHICH ONE IS RELATED TO POTENCY? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH TYPES OF BONDS ARE THE MOST COMMON BETWEEN DRUGS AND RECEPTORS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE IN THE EFFECT OF A WEAK AGONIST WHEN COMPARED TO A PARTIAL AGONIST? |
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Definition
| •A WEAK AGONIST IS MORE POTENT THAN A PARTIAL AGONIST |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP OF EFFICACY AND THE CEILING DOSE? |
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Definition
| •EFFICACY IS THE MAXIMUM RESPONSE PRODUCED BY A DRUG, THEREFORE ANY ADDITIONAL DOSES WOULD PRODUCE NO FURTHER BENEFICIAL EFFECT - KNOWN AS CEILING DOSE |
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Term
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Definition
| •THE LOWEST DOSE OF A DRUG THAT WILL PRODUCE A MEASURABLE RESPONSE |
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Term
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Definition
•MEDIAN EFFECTIVE DOSE
•DOSE OF A DRUG THAT IS ABLE TO PRODUCE A DESIRED RESPONSE IN 50% OF THE INDIVIDUALS WITHIN THE SAME POPULATION |
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Term
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Definition
•MEDIAN LETHAL DOSE (LAB ANIMALS ARE USED TO DETERMINE THIS)
•DEATH IS MEASURED AT THE ENDPOINT |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•TI
•MEASURES THE MARGIN SAFETY OF A DRUG
•IT IS THE RATIO OF LD50/ED50
•THE HIGHER THE NUMERICAL VALUE OF THE RATION, THE SAFER THE DRUG |
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Term
| FEATURES OF IONIZED MOLECULES |
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Definition
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Term
| FEATURES OF NON-IONIZED MOLECULES |
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Definition
•MORE LIPID SOLUBLE
•WILL DIFFUSED ACROSS BIOLOGIC MEMBRANES MORE READILY THAN ITS POLAR, IONIZED FORM |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE ROLE OF SPECIALIZED TRANSPORT MECHANISMS IN MOVING DRUG MOLECULES ACROSS THE MEMBRANE? WHAT ARE SOME EXAMPLES OF A SPECIALIZED TRANSPORT VEHICLE? |
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Definition
•ROLE: TO MOVE LARGER MOLECULES (IONIZED, WATER-SOLUBLE)
•EX: MOVEMENT OF GLUCOSE ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES
•EX: FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS (A,D,E,K) |
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Term
| WHAT ARE SOME FACTORS THAT AFFECT ABSORPTION OF A DRUG? |
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Definition
•ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
•DEGREE OF IONIZATION AND PH OF TISSUES
•FORMATION OF DRUG (LIQUID OR SOLID)
•CONCENTRATION (THE GREATER, THE FASTER IT ABSORBS)
•CIRCULATION TO THAT AREA (THE GREATER THE BLOOD FLOW, THE FASTER THE ABSORPTION)
•AREA OF ABSORPTIVE SURFACE (THE GREATER THE AREA, THE FASTER THE ABSORPTION) |
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Term
| FROM WHERE IN THE GI TRACT ARE MOT DRUGS ABSORBED? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•ORAL ROUTE
•SAFEST, MOST COMMON
•MOST CONVENIENT
•MOST ECONOMICAL |
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Term
| FEATURES OF PARENTERAL ROA |
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Definition
•BYPASS THE GI TRACT
•INCLUDES VARIOUS ROUTES:
-INJECTION (SUBCUTANEOUS, INTRAMUSCULAR)
-INHALATION
-TOPICAL |
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Term
| HOW DOES THE FIRST-PASS EFFECT INFLUENCE THE ONSET OF DRUG ACTION? |
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Definition
| •IT REDUCES THE BIOAVAILABLITY OF SOME DRUGS |
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Term
| WHICH PARENTERAL ROUTE IS USED IN MOST EMERGENCY SITUATIONS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHICH IS THE MOST PREDICTABLE ROA? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOW DOES FOOD IN THE STOMACH AFFECT DRUG ABSORPTION? |
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Definition
| •FOOD SLOWS THE RATE OF ABSORPTION BECAUSE THE DRUG COMPETES FOR ABSORPTION WITH FOOD COMPONENTS IN THE GI MUCOSA |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE PRECAUTIONS TO FOLLOW WHEN USING TOPICAL AGENTS? |
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Definition
•LIMIT THE AREA OF APPLICATION
•AVOID PLACEMENT OF AN OCCLUSIVE DRESSING
•AVOID APPLYING ON ABRADED AREAS
•CONSIDER ALLERGIC POTENTIAL |
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Term
| DESCRIBE FEATURES OF DISTRIBUTION THAT AFFECT A DRUG MOLECULE REACHING THE RECEPTOR |
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Definition
•MOLECULAR WEIGHT
•CONCENTRATION IN PLASMA
•LIPID SOLUBILITY
•pH OF THE VASCULAR COMARTMENT
•pKa OF THE DRUG |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE ROLE OF ALBUMIN IN THE BLOOD? |
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Definition
| •IT'S A PLASMA PROTEIN THAT PREVENTS DRUGS FROM LEAVING THE VASCULAR COMPARTMENT, TO A CERTAIN EXTENT, BY BINDING THEM |
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Term
| WHAT ORGAN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST DRUG METABOLISM? |
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Definition
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Term
| DESCRIBE 4 WAYS DRUGS ARE ALTERED DURING BIOTRANSFORMATION |
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Definition
•CONVERT AN ACTIVE DRUG TO AN INACTIVE DRUG
•CONVERT AN ACTIVE DRUG TO AN ACTIVE OR TOXIC METABOLITE
•CONVERT AN INACTIVE DRUG TO AN ACTIVE DRUG
•CONVERT AN UNEXCRETABLE (MORE LIPOPHILIC) DRUG INTO AN EXCRETABLE (MORE HYDROPHILIC) METABOLITE |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PHASE I REACTIONS AND PHASE II REACTIONS IN BIOTRANSFORMATION? |
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Definition
•IN CONTRAST TO A PHASE I REACTION, PHASE II BIOTRANSFORMATION ALMOST ALWAYS RESULTS IN INACTIVATION OF THE PARENT DRUG.
•ALL PHASE II METABOLITES ARE PHARMACOLOGICALLY INACTIVE |
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Term
| WHICH ENZYME SYSTEM IS THE PRIMARY PATHWAY FOR DRUG METABOLISM? |
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Definition
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Term
IN WHICH ORGAN ARE MOST DRUGS EXCRETED?
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY AREA OF THE ORGAN WHERE THIS OCCURS? |
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Definition
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Term
| DESCRIBE THE PROCESS OF DRUG EXCRETION |
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Definition
| •DRUG MOLECULES ARE REMOVED FROM THE CIRCULATION INTO RENAL PROXIMAL TUBULES BY THE GLOMERULI, OR THEY MAY BE SECRETED INTO RENAL PROXIMAL FROM PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES AND IF NOT REABSORBED IN THE COLLECTING TUBULES OF THE KIDNEYS, EXCRETD IN THE URINE |
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