Right dose

Right medication

Right patient

Right route of administration

Right time of medication administration

Right patient education

Right documentation of medication adminstration

Right of the patient to refuse the medication

Right assessment prior to drug adminstration

Right evaluation following drug administration

SR, LA, XL, and XR

These tablets or capsules must remain intact for the extended release feature to remain effective. 

Patient must not crush, chew, or break the medication in half, b/c doing so can cause Overdose. 

When patients receive multiple prescriptions, sometimes for the same condition, they have conflicting pharmacological actions, a condition termed _______

*Most often seen in the older age group*

Occurs when the body adapts to repeated use of the substance by altering normal physiology.  Over time, the body's cells are tricked into believing that it is normal to have the drug present in your body.  

These alterations in physiology are reversible and when the agent is discontinued, symptoms of withdrawal result. 

May occur during the normal course of therapy, such as patients receiving high doses of narcotic analgesics during cancer treatment.  They may become physically depenent (w/drawal sxs may occur when d/c), but person should not be considered addicted.

Produces no signs of physical discomfort after the agent is d/c.  The uses, however, has an intense desire to continue despite obvious negative economic, physical, or social consequences. 

Responsible for relapses.

Usually requires the use of relatively high doses for a prolonged time.  (ie marijuana and antianxiety drugs)

withdrawal

*Symptoms of withdrawal are opposite to those of the drugs effects*

Symptoms of lethargy and fatigue caused by withdrawal of methamphetamine and other stimulates (opposite effect of drug).

*when intense enough, the person is driven to take additional doses of the abused substance b/c that will cause the withdrawal symptom to disappear. 

Tolerance

With which drugs is this common in occuring?

This occurs when the body adapts to a drug and larger doses are needed to produce a therapeutic effect. 

Drugs that affect the nervous system

Usually a biological condition

Not an addiction or drug abuse

The rapid development of tolerance, known as ____.

Can be + or -

Occurs with which types of drugs?

tachyphylaxis

+: tolerance to n/v

-: tolerance to pain control (requires more medication to alleviate pain)

Occurs with drugs such as cocaine and amphetamines but is not unique to abused substances.

Occurs b/w closely related drugs.

The more two drugs are similar chemically, the greater the possiblity of cross-tolerance b/w them. 

Occurs frequently b/w drugs in the same class, and sometimes b/w dissimilar drugs that have the same pharmacological action. 

1.  Sedatives

2.  Two general classes of sedatives

1.  AKA sedative hypnotics and tranquilizers, are primarliy prescribed for sleep disorders and certain forms of epilepsy. 

2.  barbiturates and the nonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotics

*Physical and psychological dependence develop when high doses of barbiturates are taken for extended periods.  Doses may be three or more times above normal due to the development of tolerance. 

*OD's of sedative extremely dangerous b/c resp suppression. 

1. anterograde amnesia (define)

2. A type of drug that causes antergrade amnesia

1.  A type of short term memory loss where the user cannot remember events that occurs while under the influence of the drug. 

2.  Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) "date rape" it is an infamous benzodiazepine 

1. These drugs have the ability to produce  an altered, dreamlike state of consciousness. 

Sometimes called "psychedelics"'

2.  Prototype drug for this class is _______

3.  These types of drugs are schedule ____ drugs

1. Hallucinogens

2.  lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

3.  I:  no medical use. 

1.  Most frequently abused illicit substance is _____

2.  Ingredient responsible for most of the psychoactive properties is _____

3.  It is a schedule ___ drug

1.  Marijuana

2.  Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

3.  I, no approved uses by the FDA; although has been used to help treat glaucoma, N/V with patients receiving antineoplastic agents, muscle spasticity with patients with MS.

1. amphetamines

2. cocaine

3. CNS

 increasing the activity of the endogenous neurotransmitters:

1.  norepinephrine:  affects awareness and wakefulness by activating neurons in the part of brain k.a. reticular formation. 

2. serotonin (5-HT)

3. dopamine. 

____1___ is a CNS stimulant widely prescribed for children diagnosed with __2____

3.  ___1___ is a schedule ___ drug

1.  Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

2.  attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

3. Methylphenidate, II, that has many of the pharmacologic actions as cocaine, and amphetamines. 

1.  inhalation

2.  lipid

The cardiovascular effects of nicotine are very serious in smokers who are taking oral contraceptives -- their risk of a fatal heart attack is 5 times greater than that of nonsmokers. 

Smokers are more likely to be infertile. 

Cocaine is a schedule __1__ drug

It is the _2__ most commonly used illicit drug in the U.S.

1.  II

*produces psychological and physiological actions similar to the amphetamines, although its effects can be much more rapid and intense. 

2.  second

Top 4:

Antianxiety Agents

Opiods

Alcohol

Sedatives

Cannabinoids (Marijuana)

Hallucinogens (LSD, club drugs)

Amphetamines (ADHD, wt control)

Cocaine

Caffeine

Nicotine

Inhalants

Anabolic Steroids