Term
| What are the three basic routes of drug administration? |
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Definition
-Enteral
-Paraenteral
-Topical Route |
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Term
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Definition
Uses the GI tract for the ingestion and absorption of drugs.
Examples: orally, or through NG or gastronomy (G) tube. |
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Term
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Definition
| Avoids GI tract. Parenteral route is associated with all forms of injections (IM, SQ, IV) administered by a syringe, needle, or catheter. Less common types of parenteral routes are intradermal, intrathecal, intra-articular, and intra-arterial |
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Term
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Definition
| Drugs applied topically are applied to the skin or the mucous membranes. (Examples: eyes, ears, nose, vagina, rectum, lungs, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of Enteral Drug which is placed in the buccal pouch (between the cheek and gum) to rapidly dissolve. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five rights of drug administration? |
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Definition
-Right Patient
-Right Drug
-Right Time
-Right Dose
-Right Route |
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Term
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Definition
| Intramuscular: Technique involving injecting drugs into certain muscles. They move directly into the bloodstream without having to be broken down and absorbed. This means the onset is faster than with oral administration. |
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Term
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Definition
Subcutaneous: drugs administered under the skin into fat and connective tissue. These drugs must be highly soluble, low volume, and non-irritating. Distribution is through the capillaries and isn't as fast as IM route.
(Examples: vaccines, insulin, heparin, and narcotics). |
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Term
| What are the sites used for SQ administration? |
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Definition
upper, lateral arm (back of upper arm)
anterior thigh (front of upper legs)
abdomen (lower abdomen)
midback above scapula (between shoulder blades) |
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Term
| What are the sites used for IM administration? |
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Definition
ventrogluteal (hip)
deltoid (shoulder)
rectus femoris (outside of upper leg)
or vastus lateralis muscles (back of upper leg) |
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Term
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Definition
| Intravenous: administers drug directly into the bloodstream, bypassing absorption from the GI tract or transportation from the other parts of the body like muscles or SQ tissue. Has immediate effect. Allows administration of a large volume of drug. Avoids tissue injury/irritation. Circumvents impaired circulation. Has the potential for prolonged, continuous administration of solutions. It is, however, one of the most dangerous routes (once the drug is given, it cannot be retrieved, slowed, or stopped). |
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Term
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Definition
| injections made into the dermis just below the epidermis. Used for allergy tests, local anesthesia, or TB tests. Sites are usually on the inside of the lower arm or on the back over the scapula (skin is thinner here). |
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Term
| Intra-articular Injections |
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Definition
| Injecting a drug into a joint. (Usually corticosteroids to relieve pain in an acutely inflamed joint). Not usually performed by nurses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Requires a surgeon to insert a catheter into an artery leading directly to the targeted treatment area. The drug is delivered under positive pressure through the catheter, which overcomes the pressure within the arterial system. (Example: chemo can be delivered directly to a tumor by way of the artery that feeds it.) |
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Term
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Definition
| When a drug is delivered into the cerebrospinal fluid. It may be administered through an epidural or directly into the spinal space via a catheter. (Examples: anesthetic during labor/delivery, antibiotics, radiographic contrast media). |
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Term
| What are two ways that oral drugs can be made to delay onset of action of that drug? |
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Definition
- Sustained-release
- Enteric-coated. |
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