Term
|
Definition
Pain is what ever the pt says it is.
Pain tolerance is the amount of pain that a person can withstand before breaking down emotionally and/or physically. |
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Term
| Factors which affect the individual's response to pain |
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Definition
| religion, age, culture, or environment |
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Term
Factors included in assessment of pain
-what are the assessment??
-what is included in a pain history? |
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Definition
assessment-Pain scale, location, duration,& intensity.
history-finding out what has helped before |
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Term
|
Definition
Schedule I: high potential for abuse
-no accepted medical use in US
Schedule II:high potential for abuse
-opiate analgesics |
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Term
|
Definition
Schedule III:lower potential for abuse that schedule II-tylenol with codeine
Schedule IV: lower potential for abuse than schedule III-Librium, Valium |
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Term
|
Definition
Lowest potential for abuse
-Usually antidiarrheal & antitussive
-Lomotil
-Robitussin A-C |
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Term
|
Definition
| relieve pain without loss of consciousness |
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Term
| Actions of narcotic analgesics |
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Definition
Bind to opiate receptors in the CNS
-this inhibits transmission of pain impulse and alters pain perception
-also produce euphoria
Some are opioid agonists
Some are agonist-antagonists |
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Term
|
Definition
combines to create action
resist/oppose action |
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Term
|
Definition
| N/V, tolerance, constipation, respiratory depression, dependence |
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Term
| S/E when opioids are discontinued |
|
Definition
| sweating, restlessness, diarrhea |
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Term
|
Definition
-respirations under 12/minute
-pin point pupils
-coma |
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Term
Drugs that can be used to reverse overdose effects
& how does it work? |
|
Definition
Narcan 9R
antagonists of opioids |
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Term
| Effects of morphine sulfate (MS) |
|
Definition
oral, subc, IV, IM, rectal, sublingual, "mother" of all narcotics, MS, 5-20 mg dose q 4 hrs, 10-60 min onset, longer
duration of action than Demerol
CAN BE USED IN CANCER PAIN |
|
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Term
| Effect of meperidine (Demerol) |
|
Definition
Oral, Subc, IV, IM, 50-100 mg q 3-4hrs, 10-45 min onset, shorter duration of action than MS
CAUSES HALLUCINATIONS |
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Term
|
Definition
Hydrocodone + acetaminophone
Fentanyl (Duragesic)
Oxycodone + ASA (Percodan) |
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Term
|
Definition
| in the CNS and affect the nociceptors (nerve endings) and the neurotransmitter pathways of pain transmission |
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Term
| How Acetaminophen, ASA, & NSAIDs work |
|
Definition
| in the periphery and interfere with prostaglandins |
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Term
| NI associated with narcotic administration |
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Definition
| double lock, sign out, use non-drug interventions first, assess pain, give meds before pain get severe, don't under treat pain |
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Term
| NI associated with salicylates |
|
Definition
| Peripherally acting, interfere with the synthesis of proglandins |
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Term
|
Definition
| a group of naturally occurring, chemically related, long-chain hydroxy fatty acids that stimulate contractility of the uterine and other smooth muscle tissues and have the ability to lower bp and to affect the action of certain hormones |
|
|
Term
acetylsalicylic acid
(aspirin, ASA)
4 things it does & doses for each |
|
Definition
analgesic-650 mg
anti-inflammatory- 325 mg
antipyretic- 650 mg
antiplatelet- 81 mg |
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Term
|
Definition
contraindicated if:
on anticoagulants-bleeding
if gastic ulcer-bleeding
pregnancy-hemorrhaging/crosses placental barrier |
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|
Term
| What does it mean when the label says the ASA is buffered? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Signs of salicylate poisoning |
|
Definition
tinnitus (ringing in ears)
increased temp
nausea/vomiting
lethargy/excitability
hyperventilation |
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Term
| Uses, advantages, & major disadvantages of acetamenophen (tylenol) |
|
Definition
nonopioid analgesic
antipyretic
available as a liquid
HEPATOTOXITY (over 4 gm/day)
NEPHROTOXICTY |
|
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Term
|
Definition
buprenophine HCl (buprenex)
butophanol tartate (stadol)
Pentazocine HCl (Talwin)
Ibuprofen (motrin)
Naproxin (aleve) |
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Term
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents |
|
Definition
modify inflammation response
-inhibit prostagladin synthesis
-includes aspirin, as well as Motrin, aleve, Indomethancin, oxaprozin (daypro), ketoralac (Toradol)-only drug of this kind that can be given as a IM or IV |
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|
Term
COX-2 inhibitors
Advantages & disadvantages |
|
Definition
a:less GI bleeding than other NSAIDs, once a day or BID dosing
d:can't use if allergic, expensive |
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Term
|
Definition
caused by uric acid crystals
desposit in joints and subq tissue
treat ASAP when acute attacks occur
treat acute attacks with colchicine(IV or oral) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| it prevent migration of graulocytes to inflammed area so no lactic acid is released |
|
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Term
Colchicine
adverse effects |
|
Definition
N/V
diarrhea, GI bleeding, neuritis (inflammation of the nerve endings),myopathy (muscle wasting away), alpoecia (hair loss), bone marrow depression |
|
|
Term
| alternative treatments for gout |
|
Definition
NSAIDs
& two other types of drugs besides colchicine |
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|
Term
uricosurics
adverse effects & examples |
|
Definition
AE:kidney stones can develop
EX: probenecid (Benemid) & sulfinpyrazone (Anturane) |
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