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Pharmacology Test II
Cholinergic
57
Pharmacology
Graduate
07/16/2014

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Preganglionic of everything (including adrenal gland)

Postganglionic of parasympathetic and sweat glands

Definition
ACH
Term

Located in the preganglionic synapses

not important pharmacologically

Definition
nicotinic receptors
Term

Located at postganglionic synapses of the parasympathetic system and in the sweat glands of the sympathetic system

Definition
muscarinic receptors
Term

Found on presynaptic adrenergic neurons activation interferes with norepinephrine release

 

Definition
D2
Term
Alpha is stimulatory everywhere except
Definition
gut
Term
beta is blocker everywhere except the
Definition
heart
Term

Adverse affects – sweating, salivation, flushing, decreased blood pressure, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea and bronchospasm

Definition
bethanechol
Term

 Contraindications – Physical obstruction, asthma and Peptic ulcers

Definition
bethanechol
Term
Miosis causes an increase/decrease in IOP
Definition
decrease
Term

   Can stimulate BOTH Muscarinic and Nicotinic receptors at PNS/SNS

 

 

 

 

Definition
carbcol
Term
Can stimulate Epi release from adrenal medulla
Definition
carbechol
Term

More resistant to cholinesterase than pilocarpine

Definition
carbechol
Term

DOC for EMERGENCY lowering of both wide and narrow angle Glaucoma

Definition
pilocarpine
Term

  Adverse reactions – CNS Disturbances; miosis with decreased vision and brow aches (not related to decrease in IOP)

Definition
pilocarpine
Term

       Place in therapy – Historically an initial treatment of choice but newer agents have replaced it

Definition
pilocarpine
Term

No abnormal resistance to aqueous humor outflow

Definition

angle-closure glaucoma

medical emergency w/ acute onset

Term

      When cilia contract it has a tendency to move forward iris towards ciliary body which allows the tendons that connect the lens to ciliary body to relax 

Definition

accommodation

(which allows lens to round and see close up)

Term
Can use muscarinic agonist in this condition because you are looking for contraction of cilia muscles to increase egress of aqueous fluid out of the eye which will relieve some of the angle congestion
Definition
narrow angle glaucoma
Term

  problem is in the trabebucular meshwork and when you give muscarinic direct agonist you cause stimulation of muscarinic receptors that pull and contract ciliary muscle with stretches and opens the trabecular meshwork and allowing better and more rapid egress of anterior fluid out of the canal of schlemm

Definition

open angle glaucoma 

 

Term

Would you ever want to give a muscarinic agonist systemically to treat glaucoma? 

Definition

No because you will give muscarinic effects in the whole body not JUST the eye so most of these topically administered

Term
We want beta blockers to prevent the stimulation of nerves that produced aqueous fluid (decrease fluid being made) or you give  drug that opens up the canal of schlemm 
Definition
open angle glaucoma
Term

give a drug that constricts iris to go towards ciiary body to open up angle

Definition
narrow angle glaucoma
Term

Adverse reactions  - Can enter CNS and may cause convulsions in high doses.  

Definition
Physostigmine
Term
Vomiting, salivation, bradycardia, and respiratory rest from systemic use
Definition
physostigmine
Term
Miosis and allergic irritation from ophthalmalic use
Definition
physostigmine
Term

Adverse reactions – salivation, flushing, decreased BP, diarrhea

Definition
neostigmine
Term

Actions: miosis; muscle paralysis, respiratory arrest ; convulsions, fasiculations

Definition
echiothiophate
Term

    It is a newer agent similar to isoflurophate

Most used anticholinesterase agent  

Definition
echiothiophate
Term
similar side effects to pilocarpine
Definition
echiothiophate
Term

Eye - Diagnostic use only -  Causes mydriasis and cycloplegia.  Increases intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma  

Definition
atropine
Term
Atropine side effects
Definition
hot as a hare, blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, made as a hatter
Term

 Pulseless Electrical Activity and Asystole it is used after Epinephrine

 

Definition
atropine
Term
 Bradycardia – First drug used for symptomatic  sinus bradycardia
Definition
atropine
Term

Improves sinus node and atrioventricular node conduction by inhibiting vagal activity

Definition
atropine
Term
atropine warnings
Definition

heat prostration- decreased sweating

diarrhea- mainly against M2

gastric ulcer- mainly against M2

Term

May cause drowsiness and usually dry mouth

Possible blurred vision and pupil dilation

Definition
scopalamine
Term

Agent most commonly used to produce anticholinergic effect in lower urinary tract, improves bladder capacity and voiding dysfunction

Definition
oxybutynin
Term
how does nicotine act in low doses?
Definition

causes euphoria and arousal

can also cause relaxation, improves attention

Term
how does nicotine act in high doses
Definition
causes respiratory paralysis and hypotension
Term

Indication – Surgery to produce complete muscle relaxation

Definition
neuromuscular blockers (both of them)
Term
Indication- rapid intubation
Definition
succinyl CoA
Term
adverse effects- malignant hyperthermia
Definition

succinyl CoA

depolarizing

Term
which receptor does bethanechol work on?
Definition
M3
Term
What is endrophonium's duration like?
Definition

short duration

rapidly absorbed, reason it can only be used for diagnosis NOT treatment

Term
Indication for atony
Definition
physostigmine
Term
beef jerky of all stigmines
Definition
physiostigmine
Term
anti-secretory, used for treatment of rhinnorhea
Definition
ipratropium
Term
mydriasis & cycloplegia, antispasmodic for bladder and GI, dont use for asthma, long duration
Definition
atropine
Term
what receptor does atropine work against?
Definition
M2
Term
antispasmodic, only used for symptoms not treatment
Definition
donnatel
Term
blocks parasympathetic and sympathetic
Definition
nicotine
Term
nicotine in low dose stimulates...
Definition
ganglionic
Term
nicotine in high dose does what to ganglionic?
Definition
blockade
Term
is turbocurine a quarternary ammonium?
Definition
yes
Term
overstimulated-tachyphylaxis, fast acting, short duration
Definition
succinyl CoA
Term
which ones are the belladonna alkloids
Definition
antimuscarinic
Term
which ones are the organophosphate insectisides
Definition
indirect agonists (cholinergic)
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