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Pharmacology SGU Fall 2013 - Exam 3 A
Pharmacology SGU Fall 2013 - Exam 3 A
42
Pharmacology
Professional
12/10/2013

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Term
3 rapid acting insulin analogs ?
Definition
L A G
Insulin Lispro
Insulin Aspart
Insulin Glulisine
Term
Ex of short-acting insulin ?
Definition
Regular insulin
Term
Ex of long-acting insulins ?
Definition
Insulin Glargine
Insulin Detemir

These two insulins have no peak
Term
What is name of protein added to intermediate insulin (NPH) ?
Definition
Protamine
Term
3 uses of glucagon ?
Definition
1) Trt severe hypoglycemia
2) Radiology of the bowel
3) Beta-blocker poisoning
Term
3 drugs other than insulin that cause hypoglycemia ?
Definition
E S B
Ethanol
Beta-blockers
Salicyclates
Term
Name 2 first generation sulfonylureas ?
Definition
Tolbutamide
Chlorpropamide
Term
Adverse effects of Chlorpropamide ?
Definition
Hypoglycemia
Hyperemic flush with alcohol ingestion
SIADH
Term
3 exs of second generation sulfonylureas ?
Definition
G G G

Glyburide
Glipizide
Glimepiride
Term
Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides have what same mechanism of action ?
Definition
Stimulate insulin release by binding to SUR1 and inhibiting ATP-sensitive K+ channel
Term
Which Meglitinide is more likely to cause hypoglycemia as an adverse effect ?
Definition
Repaglinide
Term
Only Biguanide to trt diabetes Type 2 ?
Definition
Metformin
Term
Exs of 2 Thiazolidinediones ?
and adverse effects ?
Definition
Pioglitazone
Rosiglitazone

Cause fluid retention, weight gain, and edema
Cause or exacerbate CHF in some patients
Term
Which anti-diabetes drug class can cause frequent GI effects like bloating ?
Definition
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Term
Which anti-diabetes drug can cause lactic acidosis and impair B12 absorption ?
Definition
Metformin
Term
2 effects of parathyroid hormone secretion ?
Definition
Increase plasma calcium
Decrease plasma phosphate
Term
How does moderate and severe Mg affect PTH secretion ?
Definition
Moderate decrease in Mg -> enhance PTH secretion

Severe decrease in Mg -> Decrease in PTH secretion
Term
PTH affects both osteoclasts and osteoblasts ?
Definition
Yes, by activity on ligand RANKL, a TNF cytokine

High levels of PTH cause bone resorption
Term
What does Denosumab do ?
Definition
Is a monoclonal antibody and RANK ligand inhibitor and inhibits bone resorption. Used to trt osteoporosis.

Adverse effect is increased risk of infections
Term
What form of Vit D is used to treat psoriasis ?
Definition
Cacipotriol
Term
Overdose of Vit D causes ?
Definition
Hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
Term
Another name for Vit D3 ?
Definition
Cholecalciferol
Term
How do Bisphosphonates work ?
Definition
Decrease farnensyl pyrophosphate synthesis
Useful in trting osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone, and malignancy associated with hypercalcemia

Exs are Alendronate, Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid, etc...
Term
Adverse effect of Bisphosphonates ?
Definition
1) Erosive esophagitis, can be prevented by two easy ways
2) Decreased bone cell activity
3) Osteonecrosis of jaw and fractures
Term
What can be given as trt of htn in osteoporosis patient ?
Definition
Thiazide diuretics
Term
Exs of MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) ?
Definition
P I T S

Phenelzine
Isocarboxazid
Tranylcypromine
Selegiline
Term
Adverse effects of MAOIs ?
Definition
Drowsiness
Orthostatic hypotension
Blurred vision
Dry mouth Dysuria
Constipation

Also associated with SEROTONIN SYNDROME and CHESSE REACTION
Term
Cheese reaction occurs b/c ?
Definition
Patients on MAO Inhibitor cannot degrade tyramine
Get release of catecholamines that cause tachycardia, htn, arrhythmias, seizures, stroke, etc...
Term
OTC cold preparations like psudoephedrine should not be given with what drugs ?
Definition
MAO Inhibitors
Term
Serotonin Syndrome is due to ?
Definition
Any drug combination that increases serotonin but usually due to
MAOIs given with SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs or Meperidine
Term
Antipsychotic drugs block what receptors ?
Definition
D2 receptors
Term
What pathway projects from hypothalamus to pituitary ?
Definition
Tuberoinfundibular pathway

Dopamine released from here inhibits prolactin secretion
Term
Exs of 4 classical antipsychotics ?
Definition
C F H T
Chlorpromazine
Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
Thioridazine
Term
MOA of classical antipsychotic drugs ?
Definition
Block D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway
Term
Which antipsychotics do not have antiemetic effects ?
Definition
Aripiprazole and Thioridazine
Term
Trt for tardive dyskinesia ?
Definition
Clozapine

Diazepam may help
Term
Drugs to trt neurolpetic malignant syndrome (NMS)?
Definition
Dantrolene and Bromocriptine
Term
What antipsychotic can cause agranulocytosis ?
Definition
Clozapine
Term
What antipsychotic causes retinal deposits ?
Definition
Thioridazine
Term
What 2 antipsychotics show cardiac toxicity by prolonging QTc ?
Definition
Thioridazine and Ziprasidone
Term
Most prescribed antipsychotic in USA ?
Definition
Risperidone
Term
Which antipsychotic is Category B ?
Definition
Clozapine
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