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Pharmacology SGU Fall 2013 - Exam 2 A
Pharmacology SGU Fall 2013 - Exam 2 A
28
Pharmacology
Post-Graduate
10/17/2013

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Term
What are the 3 Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors ?
Definition
C S T
Clavulanic Acid
Sulbactam
Taxobactam

They inactivate most Beta-Lactamases but do not have significant antibacterial activity
Term
Cephalosporins are what type of antibiotics ?
Definition
Beta-lactam antibiotics
Are bactericidal
Term
What increases moving from 1st to 3rd generation cephalosporins ?
Definition
Gram negative activity
Term
All Cephalosporins do not work against what type of bacteria ?
Definition
All bacteria that don't have a cell wall...like "Listeria", Enterococci, Legionella, Mycoplasma, etc...
Term
Two 1st generation cephalosporins ?
Definition
Cefazolin and Cephalexin
Term
What drug is DOC (drug of choice) for surgical prophylaxis ?
Definition
Cefazolin (but not for colo-rectal surgery)
Term
Exs of 2nd generation Cephalosporins ?
Definition
C C C C
Cefaclor, Cefoxitin, Cefotetan, Cefamandole

Primarily used to treat sinusitis, otitis, and lower resp. tract infections
Term
What 2 drugs are prophylaxis and therapy of abdominal and pelvic cavity interactions ?
Definition
Cefotetan and Cefoxitin
Term
Exs of 3rd generation cephalosporins ?
Definition
C C C C C
Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime, Cefixime

Highly active against enterobacteriacae, Neisseria, and H. Influenzae
Term
What is DOC for gonorrhea, DOC for meningitis due to ampicillin-resistant H. Influenzae, prophylaxis of meningitis in exposed individuals, and trt of Lyme disease ?
Definition
Ceftriaxone (3rd generation cephalosporin)
Term
Ex) of 4th generation Cephalosporin ?
Definition
Cefipime
Term
What is the only cephalosporin with activity against MRSA ?
Definition
5th generation cephalosporin (Ceftaroline)
Term
Cefipime is used to trt what ?
Definition
Trt of infections with susceptible organisms (ex: UTIs, complicated intra-abdominal infections, febrile neutropenia)
Term
What 2 cephalosporins are excreted via bile ?
Definition
Ceftriaxone and Cefoperazone
Term
Minor penicillin allergic patients can be treated by what type of drug ?
Definition
Cephalosporin
Term
Cefamandole, Cefoperazone, and Cefotetan can cause what two adverse effects ?
Definition
Hypoprothrombinemia (Vit K can prevent this) and Disulfiram-like reactions (avoid alcohol)
Term
Two exs) of Carbapenems ?
Definition
I M
Imipenem and Meropenem
Term
Carbapenems are DOC for ?
Definition
Enterobacter infections
Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase producing Gram-negatives
Term
What happens if Imipenem is combined with enzyme inhibitor Cilastatin ?
Definition
It prevents metabolism thus prevents toxicity and increases availability
Term
3 adverse effects of Carbapenems ?
Definition
1) GI distress (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
2) High levels of Imipenem can provoke seizures (so epilepsy is absolute contraindication)
3) Allergic reactions (partial cross-reactivity with penicillins)
Term
Ex) of Echinocandins ?
Definition
Caspofungin
Not active against Cryptococcus
Inhibits synthesis of (1-3)-D-glucans in the fungal cell wall
Term
Anti-Fungal agent Posaconazole is given to fight what fungi ?
Definition
Zygomycetes such as Mucor
Inhibits CYP3A4
Term
Drug of choice for invasive Aspergillosis ?
Definition
Voricanazole
Term
Which topical drug used to trt superficial mycoses is a polyene macrolide and has same structure and function as Amphotericin B ?
Definition
Nystatin
Used only for Candidiasis
Too toxic for IV administration
Term
Trt for Tinea Corporis (ringworm) ?
Definition
Terbinafine
Term
Most common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected pts. and DOC (drug of choice) for trt ?
Definition
Pneumocystis Jirovecii
Co-trimoxazole
Term
Two drug exs) of Epipodophyllotoxins ?
Definition
Etoposide and Tenoposide
Mechanism of action is Topoisomerase 2 inhibition
Used for Germ cell tumor, AML, and lung cancer
Term
Two exs) of Camptothecins ?
Definition
Topotecan and Irinotecan
Mechanism of Action: Topoisomerase I Inhibition

Topotecan is used for Cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer
Irinotecan is used for colon and rectal cancer
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