Term
Are anticoagulants good option for pre-existing clots ? |
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Definition
No, they only work to prevent formation of thrombi |
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Term
Examples of thrombolytics and how do they act ? |
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Definition
Streptokinase, urokinase, alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase Thrombolytics break blood clots and they do this by converting plasminogen to plasmin |
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Term
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Definition
"Protein" produced by Beta Hemolytic streptococi |
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Term
Urokinase is approved for what ? |
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Definition
Approved for lysis of pulmonary emboli |
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Term
Ateplase, Reteplase, and Tenecteplase are what type of drugs ? |
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Definition
They are TPAs (tissue plasminogen activators). All these are "fibrin selective"....whereas streptokinase and urokinase are non-fibrin selective |
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Term
An example of a plasminogen activation inhibitor ? |
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Definition
Aminocaproic acid It inhibits plasminogen activation |
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Term
What amino acid is protamine sulfate high in ? |
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Definition
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Term
Vitamin K antagonist is ? |
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Definition
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Term
If babies do not receive this vitamin, they can have bleeding ? |
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Definition
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Term
What should be given as trts for drug-induced hypoprothrombinemia (like from rat poison or insecticides) ? |
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Definition
Vitamin K in oral or parenteral forms
If need immediate hemostasis, fresh-frozen plasma should be infused |
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Term
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Definition
Cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel |
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Term
Diff. b/w primary and secondary hemostatis ? |
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Definition
Primary hemostasis is platelet aggregation Secondary hemostasis is coagulation |
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Term
3 types of drugs used to reduce clotting ? |
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Definition
P A T Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors Anticoagulants Thrombolytics |
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Term
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Definition
It inhibits TXA2 (Thromboxane A2) by irreversibly acetylating the COX1 and COX 2 enzymes |
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Term
What needs to form for a clot to form ? |
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Definition
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Term
What are clopidogrel and ticlopidine ? |
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Definition
Are ADP receptor blockers, so they are irreversible inhibitors of P2Y12
Clopidogrel is preferred over ticlopidine |
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Term
Should clopidogrel and omeprazole be given together ? |
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Definition
No, because Omeprazole is a CYP2C19 inhibitor, so it reduces plasma levels of active metabolite of clopidogrel |
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Term
Ex of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor ? |
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Definition
Dipyridamole It is a coronary vasodilator Used prophylactically to treat angina pectoris |
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Term
The 11b/111a complex is ? |
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Definition
a receptor for fibrinogen |
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Term
3 drugs that are blockers of platelet 11b/111a receptors ? |
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Definition
Abciximab, Eptifibatide, and Tirofiban |
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Term
All heparins can only be given by what method ? |
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Definition
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Term
Is low molecular weight heparin better or unfractionated heparin ? |
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Definition
LMWH is better b/c its efficacy is equal, has higher bioavailability, longer half-life, and less frequent dosing requirements
It also inhibits Xa but has less effect on thrombin than UFH |
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Term
What do you need to convert fibrinogen to fibrin ? |
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Definition
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Term
Is it usually necessary to monitor LMWH blood levels ? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the therapy for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Type 2 ? |
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Definition
Discontinue heparin and administer a DTI (direct thrombin inhibitor) or Fondaparinux |
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Term
Heparin overdose can be treated by administering ? |
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Definition
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Term
Fondaparinux is approved for ? |
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Definition
Prevention and treatment of DVT |
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Term
3 examples of DTIs (direct thrombin inhibitors) ? |
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Definition
L B A Lepirudin Bivalirudin Argatroban |
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Term
Method of action of Warfarin ? |
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Definition
Warfarin inhibits vitamin K epoxide reductase |
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Term
How to monitor Warfarin levels ? |
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Definition
By monitoring PT ; results are expressed as INR |
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Term
2 adverse effects of Warfarin ? |
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Definition
1) Hemorrhage 2) Cutaneous necrosis due to reduced activity of protein C
Note: Warfarin is Pregnancy category X, and should never be given during pregnancy |
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Term
Another name for Christmas disease ? |
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Definition
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Term
Iron deficiency anemia is what type of anemia ? |
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Definition
Hypochromic Microcytic anemia |
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Term
Acute blood loss is what type of anemia ? |
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Definition
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Term
What drug can be given to treat acute iron toxicity ? |
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Definition
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Term
How is Vitamin B12 absorbed in the body ? |
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Definition
Forms a complex with intrinsic factor, and is absorbed in the distal ileum by a receptor-mediated transport system |
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Term
What happens if you give folic acid in the presence of vitamin B12 deficiency ? |
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Definition
It corrects the anemia but does not prevent neurologic manifestations |
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Term
Can folate deficiency cause a neurologic syndrome ? |
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Definition
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Term
What are some drugs that can cause megaloblastic anemia ? |
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Definition
Methotrexate, Trimethoprim, and Pyrimethamine because they inhibit dihydrofolate reductase |
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Term
What are the uses for Filgrastim and Sargramostin ? |
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Definition
Used to accelerate recovery of neutrophils after cancer chemotherapy |
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Term
What is Interleukin 11 used for ? |
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Definition
Increases the number of peripheral platelets, and is used for patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy |
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Term
What is Hydroxyurea used for ? |
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Definition
In sickle-cell disease, the drug increases HbF, thus diluting HbS |
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Term
What are the adverse effects of Hydroxyurea ? |
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Definition
Bone marrow suppression and cutaneous vasculitis |
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