Term
Which type of GABA receptors are most common in the CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of ion do GABA receptors let in? |
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Definition
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Term
Which GABA receptors are ionotropic? |
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Definition
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Term
which GABA receptors are metabotropic |
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Definition
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Term
Which GABA receptors are found in the retina? |
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Definition
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Term
Which subunits do barbiturates work on? |
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Definition
they work on a and B, but NOT gamma |
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Term
Which subunits to zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclonen work on? |
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Definition
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Term
True or false: Benzos work on all alpha subunits |
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Definition
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Term
What does tiagabine work on? |
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Definition
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Term
what does vigabatrin work on? |
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Definition
It blocks GABA-T, increasing concentration of GABA in synapses |
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Term
What drug is associated with retinal atrophy? |
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Definition
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Term
What drug is an antagonist to benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
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Term
What benzos are intermediate acting? |
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Definition
Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Temazepam, Estazolam (remember LATE) |
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Term
Which benzos are short acting? |
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Definition
Triazolam, midozolam, clorazepate, zolpidem (NON benzo) |
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Term
Which benzos are long acting? |
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Definition
Chlorodiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam, flurazepam, quazepam (mostly PAMS) |
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Term
True or false: benzos stimulate gaba receptors directly |
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Definition
false: they bind allosterically and modulate the frequency of Cl- ion channel opening |
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Term
True or false: benzo overdose is frequently fatal |
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Definition
false: due to the indirect nature of benzos, they do not usually cause severe CNS depression |
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Term
True or false: benzos do NOT cause a true general anestesia |
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Definition
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Term
Which benzo is associated with fatal respiratory depression? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the drug of choice for pre-procedure anxiety? |
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Definition
Midozalam. It's rapid onsdet and sedative/amnesstic abilities are preferred here. |
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Term
True or false: benzos increase the length of REM sleep |
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Definition
false: they alter sleep architecture and DECREASE REM sleep |
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Term
Which benzo has the most antiepilleptic effects? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the mechanisms for benzo tolerance? |
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Definition
decreased expression of GABA-A receptors and uncoupling of the binding site from the GABA receptor |
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Term
Which benzo has the least rebound insomnia? |
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Definition
Flurazepam. It's long half-life means it does not cause rebound insomnia, but it DOES sometimes cause daytime sedation. |
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Term
True or false: barbiturates directly stimulate GABA receptors |
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Definition
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Term
What is the effect of barbiturates on Cl- channels? |
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Definition
They increase opening time, allowing for greater Cl- influx |
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Term
Which drugs are used for partial tonic-clonic seizures? |
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Definition
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Term
Which drugs are used for status epileptics? |
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Definition
pentobarbital and amobarbital |
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Term
Which barbiturates are used for anesthesia? |
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Definition
thiopental, pentobarbatial, and methohexital |
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Term
True or false, barbiturates undergo signifcant first-pass metabolism |
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Definition
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Term
True or false, barbiturates are CYP inhibitors |
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Definition
False: they are CYP inducers |
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Term
What things do barbiturates have drug interactions with? |
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Definition
benzodiazepines, phenytoin, digoxin, oral contraceptives, steroid hormones, bile salts, cholesterol, and vitamins D and K |
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Term
True or false: barbiturates can cause fatal CNS depression |
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Definition
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Term
True or false: barbiturates are contraindicated in pulminary insufficiency |
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Definition
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Term
True or false: rapid administration of barbiturates via IV is not associated with cardiovascular problems |
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Definition
False: it can cause cardiovascular collapse. |
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Term
What is baclofen used for? |
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Definition
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Term
What is baclofen's mechanism of action? |
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Definition
it stimulates GABA receptors in the spinal cord to increase Ca+ and K+ second messengers downstream |
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Term
True or false: chronic oral baclofen is associated with tolerance |
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Definition
False: there is no tolerance to oral baclofen |
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