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Definition
Trade name=Benadryl, antihistamine
Blocks H1 receptors |
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Definition
| Pain reliever, anti-pyretic (treat fever), reversible COX inhibitor. |
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Definition
| Flomax® - increases urine flow, alpha 1a blocker that reduces contraction in smooth muscle and sphincter of the bladder. Used in BHP. |
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Definition
Procardia® - Decreases blood pressure.
Blocks Ca channels, acts as anti-hypertensive, cannot contract smooth muscle around blood vessels |
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Definition
Viagra® - Treat erectile dysfunction
cGMP PDE5 inhibitor
cGMP PDE5 is abundant in Corpus cavernosum – facilitates penile erection
Heart – increases work load, careful with cardiac patients
Blood vessels – dilate leading to hypotension due to increase in cAMP
Contraindication: patients on nitrates.
Eyes – Lose color perception / cross reacts with PDE6 in eyes
Priapism – erections lasting too long (too much of a good thing?) |
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Definition
Block Na ion channels.
Local anesthetics / anti-arrhythmics |
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Term
| Nitric Oxide, Hydralazine |
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Definition
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Definition
| Open Cl chanels, anti-anxiety drugs |
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Definition
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| Serotonin (5-HT) precursor |
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Definition
| Tryptophan -> 5-hydroxy tryptamine -> 5-HT (Serotonin) |
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Definition
| ACE inhibitor, decreases BP |
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Definition
| CA inhibitor, weak diuretic |
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Definition
| DNA/RNA polymerase inhibitors |
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Definition
| Antibiotic, inhibits DNA gyrase |
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Definition
| Inhibits Xanthine oxidase |
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Definition
| Anti-cancer agent, inhibits conversion of DHF to THF by dihydrofolate reductase. |
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Definition
Treat constipation. Stimulates GI tract
To induce labor
Mechanism unknown; prostaglandin-mediated? |
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Definition
(given IV, osmotic diuretic)
Not digested; freely filtered,
neither reabsorbed nor secreted, used to produce urine in trauma patients
to save kidneys |
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Definition
| Irreversible COX inhibitor |
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Definition
| non-specific inhibitor of PDEs; stimulant, increases heart rate |
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Definition
| more specific to cAMP PDE in lungs – used as bronchodilator |
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Definition
Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil sodium are also available to inhibit mast cell release of inflammatory mediators.
These agents are applied topically to the ocular, nasal and pulmonary mucosa.
While considerably less powerful than corticosteroids they are useful for prophylaxis of recurring syndromes like asthma and allergic rhinitis.
They have no significant adverse effects. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| antiviral & anti-Parkinson's |
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Definition
| antidiabetic, sulfourease |
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Term
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Definition
| antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Anticoagulant,
Factors 2, 7, 9,10 are
inactive in the
presence of
Coumadin (Warfarin)
Slower onset than heparin. |
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Term
| Low therapeutic index drugs |
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Definition
Mnemonic: The Queen Likes to Dig Low
Thyophylin
Quinine
Lithium
Digoxin
Low Therapeutic Index |
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Term
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Definition
antibiotic / anti-parasitic, first-order kinetics of elimination
inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase – Acetaldehyde accumulates, causes vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
One of the prescription drugs for treating alcoholism is
Disulfiram – an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase,
Causes vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
Ach agonist, 1 hour half life, has bond resistant to Ach esterase cleavage. Topical application.
Used to treat: Urinary retention
Post-operative urinary retention
Incomplete emptying of bladder (prone to UTIs)
Postpartum urinary retention
Xerostomia – dry mouth due to
salivary gland malfunction
Mechanism: Stimulating mucarinic receptors
Side effects: DUMB BELSS – Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchoconstriction,
Bradycardia, Excitation (of skeletal muscle & CNS), Lacrimation,
Salivation and Sweating |
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Term
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Definition
| Ach agonist, 1-2 hour half life, has bond resistant to Ach esterase cleavage. Topical application. |
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Term
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Definition
Ach agonist, quaternary amine that is immune to Ach esterase cleavage. 24 hour half life.
Still used to treat glaucoma:
Narrow angle or closed angle glaucoma
Wide angle or open angle glaucoma
Immediately lowers intraocular pressure
Increases drainage of aqueous humor
Mechanism: activation of ACh receptors
Contraction of the ciliary muscle (M3)
Causes contraction of pupil.
Side effects: DUMB BELSS – Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchoconstriction,
Bradycardia, Excitation (of skeletal muscle & CNS), Lacrimation,
Salivation and Sweating |
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Definition
| Muscarinic antagonist, causes pupil dilation. |
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Term
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Definition
Ach esterase inhibitor, half life of 5-10 minutes. Mainly used in tests, not drugs. Show preference for nicotinic receptors, not muscarinic ones.
Doesn't enter CNS.
Used in Tensilon Edrophonium Test for myasthenia gravis |
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Term
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Definition
Ach esterase inhibitor, half life of 2-4 hours. Show preference for nicotinic receptors, not muscarinic ones. Used in the treatment of:
myasthenia gravis
open-angle glaucoma
reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade following surgery
Doesn't enter CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
Ach esterase inhibitor, half life of 4-6 hours. Show preference for nicotinic receptors, not muscarinic ones. Used in the treatment of:
myasthenia gravis
open-angle glaucoma
reversal of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade following surgery
Doesn't enter CNS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ach esterase inhibitor, half life of 15-40 minutes. Show preference for nicotinic receptors, not muscarinic ones. Enters CNS, not for peripheral use. |
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Term
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Definition
Irreversible Ach Esterase inhibitor.
Topical in the eye
One application - effective for one week, used for chronic treatment of glaucoma
Mechanism: phosphorylate the esterase and inhibit it, raising ACh. conc., cause contraction
Contraction of ciliary body / muscles Allows more drainage of aqueous humor |
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Term
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Definition
Irreversible Ach esterase inhibitor.
Topical in the eye
One application - effective for one week, used for chronic treatment of glaucoma
Mechanism: phosphorylate the esterase and inhibit it, raising ACh. conc., cause contraction
Contraction of ciliary body / muscles Allows more drainage of aqueous humor |
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Definition
| Irreversible Ach esterase inhibitor. |
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Definition
| Rescues Ach esterase from irreversible inactivation. Must be done in set amount of time or else enzyme is irreversibly inactivated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscarinic blocker, used to prevent motion sickness (acts mainly in the CNS). Used as a patch. |
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Term
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Definition
Muscarinic blocker, used to produce bronchial dilation in COPD.
Less severe side effects than theophylline and albuterol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscarinic blocker, used to decrease secretions.At low doses atropine selectively blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors, slowing sinus heart rate and decreases cardiac output. At higher doses, starts producing tachycardia and sympathetic like response. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Autonomic ganglionic blocker, used to treat moderate to severe hypertension. |
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Term
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Definition
Depolarizing NMJ antagonist.
1. Action - binds to the Nm receptor, opens the channel, depolarizes the end-plate and then gets stuck.
2. Uses - to produce skeletal muscle relaxation, good for surgery. Normal half life of under 1 minute, but patients with pseudoacetylcholinesterase are excessively sensitive to drug. |
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Term
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Definition
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular antagonist used to produce skeletal muscle relaxation.
Action - bind to the Nm receptor, but do not open the ion channel.
Toxicity - Respiratory paralysis. If mechanical ventilation is not provided, the patient will asphyxiate |
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Term
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Definition
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular antagonist used to produce skeletal muscle relaxation.
Action - bind to the Nm receptor, but do not open the ion channel.
Toxicity - Respiratory paralysis. If mechanical ventilation is not provided, the patient will asphyxiate |
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Term
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Definition
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular antagonist used to produce skeletal muscle relaxation.
Action - bind to the Nm receptor, but do not open the ion channel.
Toxicity - Respiratory paralysis. If mechanical ventilation is not provided, the patient will asphyxiate |
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Term
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Definition
Nondepolarizing neuromuscular antagonist used to produce skeletal muscle relaxation.
Action - bind to the Nm receptor, but do not open the ion channel.
Toxicity - Respiratory paralysis. If mechanical ventilation is not provided, the patient will asphyxiate |
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Term
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Definition
A group of inherited (autosomal dominant) disorders that are characterized by a rapid increase in temperature to 39-42oC and rise in serum potassium levels in response to inhalational anesthetics (e.g.: halothane) or muscle relaxants (notably succinylcholine).
The triggering agents release calcium from the membrane of the muscle cell's sarcoplasmic reticulum, which is defective in storing this ion. The result is a sudden increase in myoplasmic calcium. The calcium activates myosin ATPase and generates heat. Muscular contraction also occurs and adds to the heat.
Dantrolene is the specific pharmacological treatment for malignant hyperthermia. Dantrolene blocks release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and reduces muscle tone and heat production. Aggressive cooling with ice packs also necessary. |
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Definition
Inhibits release of Ach from presynaptic neuron. Vesicle with synaptobrevin needs to bind to SNAP-25 in membrane in order to release contents, Botox destroys this docking protein.
Botox used for: Focal dystonia (local movement disorders);
Strabismus (eyes not aligned); Cervical dystonia (head tilt)
Use in “Cosmetic Circumstances FDA approved in 2002,
smoothes facial lines by paralyzing or weakening muscles |
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Term
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Definition
1. Precursor to norepinephrine (a and b1 )
2. Dopamine (dopamine > b1 > a )
3. Force of contraction (Contractility) > > heart rate
4. Used to treat cardiogenic & hypovolemic shock
5. Preserves renal blood flow; also to heart, brain,
G.I., and other vital organs |
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Term
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Definition
| Precursor to dopamine, given in cases of Parkinson's. |
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Term
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Definition
Alpha 1 receptor agonist used during surgery to raise B.P.;
included in nasal decongestants to decrease local blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
Alpha 2 receptor agonist, reduces sympathetic outflow from the CNS (less NE released);
emergency antihypertensive, used frequently in hospital settings – has too many side effects; not used long term. |
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Term
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Definition
| a prodrug. Gets converted to a-methylnorepinephrine in adrenergic nerve terminals. The released drug then inhibits further release of NE (via presynaptic a2 receptors). Choice anti-hypertensive in pregnant woman, safe record. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beta 1 agonist, used in cardiogenic and septic shock to increase cardiac output. |
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Term
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Definition
| Beta 2 agonist, relaxes uterus (uterus proliferated, lots of smooth muscle B2 receptors); thus, prevents premature deliveries |
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Term
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Definition
Beta 2 agonist, acts on lungs to produce bronchodilation.
Have b1 side effects – tachycardia, high B.P. |
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Term
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Definition
– with local anesthetics – a1 action
Choice drug to treat anaphylactic shock – a1-constricts blood vessels; b1- Cardiac output goes up; b2 action bronchodilates & inhibits degranulation of mast cells (b2 action) - Important
Treat glaucoma – a1, a2 action, restricts blood flow to ciliary body, decrease production of aqueous humor. |
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Term
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Definition
use of norepinephrine is increasing ( a, b1 )
At one time NE was a drug of last resort to raise blood pressure.
I was told that in many hospitals, NE and angiotensin II are now first line drugs to raise B.P. |
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Term
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Definition
| Selective beta agonist, bronchodilator. Rarely used. |
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Term
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Definition
Indirect adrenergic agonist, activates a and b receptors
- useful as a nasal decongestant
- treatment of asthma (not commonly used) |
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Term
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Definition
| Adderol, indirect adrenergic agonist. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ritalin, indirect adrenergic agonist, used to treat ADD. |
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Term
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Definition
abundant in cheese and fermented foods;
enters nerve terminals & gets converted to norepinephrine;
Eating foods rich in tyramine is contraindicated when patients are on MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors. |
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) |
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Definition
| Inhibit reuptake of serotinin and NE, used for depression. Also causes tachycardia and increased BP as side effect. |
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Term
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Definition
purine structural analog with sulfur;
all purine levels lowered. |
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Term
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Definition
inhibits
IMP dehydrogenase;
lowers GTP & dGTP levels |
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Term
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Definition
| modified form of folic acid that works in the presence of methotrexate, used in cases of methotrexate poisoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits pyrimidine synthesis, immunosupressant drug. |
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Term
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Definition
DNA – DNA and DNA- protein cross-linker – blocks DNA replication
Widely used in autoimmune diseases with unwanted B cell responses
Highly toxic but manageable
effects of Acrolein, a toxic metabolite that damages the bladder mucosa, neutralized by MESNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to cyclophilin in T cell to inactivate calcineurin, prevents dephosphorylation and inactivation of NFATc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to FKBP in T cell to inactivate calcineurin, prevents dephosphorylation and inactivation of NFATc. |
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Term
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Definition
The “late” activation pathway is a calcium independent step involved in moving activated T cells into the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Sirolimus also binds to FKBP, but instead of inhibiting production of cytokines, the interaction of Sirolimus and FKBP inhibits MTOR and synthesis of cell cycle proteins. Thus Sirolimus blocks growth factor-induced signal transduction in T cells.
Everolimus / same mechanism
Slightly different side effects |
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Term
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Definition
Chimeric mouse / human MAB (can have immune response).
Fixes complement.
against TNF-a. Neutralizing antibodies may form. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fully human MAB against TNF-a. Fixes complement. |
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Term
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Definition
Recombinant fully human TNF-a receptor. ligand-binding portion fused to IgG.
Binds to circulating and membane-bound TNF, and prevents induction of other inflammatory cytokines. |
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Term
| Cortical Steroids (prednisone, etc.) |
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Definition
Inhibit phospholipase A2, thereby prevent cleavage of
arachidonic acid and production of lipid mediators of
inflammation (prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, etc).
Increase synthesis of I kb (inhibitor), thereby suppressing transport of Nf kb into the nucleus. This decreases proinflammatory cytokine production and secretion.
Suppresses leukocyte adhesion molecule expression.
Leukocyte trafficking and immunosurveillance are thereby altered.
Promote a TH2 cell phenotype, stimulate IL-10 production
and an increase in CD25+ T Regulatory cells. |
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Term
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Definition
a1 blocker
A. Action – blocks vasoconstriction; allow vasodilation
B. Use - treatment of hypertension (mostly), bladder outlet
Decreases PVR (arteries & veins)
Changes in CO, GFR, renal blood flow are minimal
C. Side effects - postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
a1 blocker
A. Action – blocks vasoconstriction; allow vasodilation
B. Use - treatment of hypertension (mostly), bladder outlet
Decreases PVR (arteries & veins)
Changes in CO, GFR, renal blood flow are minimal
C. Side effects - postural hypotension and reflex tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
a1>a2 -blocker
(irreversible covalent bond)
Used to treat
Pheochromocytoma
(tumors of adrenal
medulla secreting
epinephrine, NE) |
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Term
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Definition
a2 specific blocker – increase B.P & heart rate
Before Viagra, Yohimbine was used to treat erectile dysfunction. Yohimbine, an a2-blocker, increases parasympathetic output.
More parasympathetic output facilitates erection. |
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Term
| Adverse effects of alpha1 blockers |
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Definition
Postural hypotension / orthostatic hypotension (not able to contract BV, not enough blood to brain)
Reflex tachycardia / angina (BP goes very low, gives rise to reflex tachycardia)
Erection is cholinergic, ejaculation is a1-mediated
Inhibit ejaculation / men hate alpha blockers (people in their farties)
Nasal congestion / stuffiness
remember alpha agonists are nasal decongestants |
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Term
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Definition
| Beta blocker, nonspecific between beta 1 and 2. |
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Term
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Definition
Mixed alpha 1, beta 1 antagonists.
a1 blocker dilates blood vessels; results in reflex tachycardia (side effect);
b1-blocker prevents increase in heart rate. b2 blocker / agonist
activities neutralize each other. Drugs with multiple activities
are some times very useful.
Sum: Decrease PVR, no change in HR & CO |
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Term
| Adverse effects of b blockers |
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Definition
1. Bronchoconstriction: b2 blockade,
careful with asthmatics, COPD
2. Bradycardia: b1 blockade
Patients with acute CHF, conduction problems – avoid b blockers
3. Renin , Na+ retention , B.P.
diuretic is usually used to decrease plasma volume along with beta blocker,
Body compensates by holding onto more Na
Beta blockers decrease renin secretion; however, low cardiac output
decreases renal blood flow and renin secretion usually goes up.
4. Hypoglycemia : glucagon , ability to make new glucose is compromised; insulin action is unopposed; be careful with diabetics
5. Sexual impairment : ~10% of men complain; mechanism? Probably reduced blood flow |
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Term
| Cardioselective (b1 specific) blockers |
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Definition
Acebutolol, Betaxolol, Esmolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol
Mnemonic : ABEAM
50-100 times more specific to b1 than b2 |
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Term
| Partial Beta Agonists/ Blockers |
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Definition
Pindolol, Acebutolol
Relative to propranolol (b1 = b2), these drugs
cause less bronchoconstriction, and cause less alterations in
Peripheral vascular resistance and carbohydrate metabolism
(all these actions are good).
Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) or partial agonist activity
(several b-blockers acebutolol, pindolol)
activate b receptors partially in the absence of catecholamines.
These partial agonists are said to have intrinsic sympathomimetic (ISA) activity. |
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Term
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Definition
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) – have been approved for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. SERMs have different degrees of estrogen agonist and partial agonist or antagonist activity in different tissues.
Raloxifene is an estrogen agonist on bone and an antagonist in both the breast and uterus. |
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Term
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Definition
Ibandronate (Boniva) belongs to class bisphosphanates.
The bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclastic activity and decrease bone turnover and resorption. They have been shown to reduce the incidence of fractures in patients with osteoporosis (50% reduction). They are not well absorbed from the GI tract and absorption is decreased more by the presence of food. A portion of the absorbed drug is bound to bone (strong affinity for calcium phosphate).
Mechanism of action is not clear. One suggested mechanism. Bispohosphonates concentrate in bone.
1. Bone containing these drugs is not resorbed readily.
2. Osteoclasts that ingest these drugs more likely to undergo apoptosis. Less resorption and fewer osteoclasts result in more bone. |
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Term
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Definition
| Calcitonin (32 amino acid peptide) regulates calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclastic activity (breakdown of bone). Studies have not shown a clear benefit for its use in established osteoporosis. It must be administered subcutaneously (salmon calcitonin available since 1984) or by nasal spray (introduced in 1995). |
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Term
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Definition
Teriparatide is 1-34 amino acids
Blood PTH levels do vary to some extent over a 24 hr period. Endogenous PTH favors breakdown of bone over synthesis.
Once a day dosing of PTH favors bone synthesis over breakdown. |
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Term
| 1st generation antihistamines |
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Definition
Enters CNS and cause sedation
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Promethazine (Phenergan) – used more as an anti-emetic |
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Term
| 2nd generation antihistamines |
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Definition
Low CNS penetration, less sedating
Fexofenadine (Allegra )
Loratadine (Claritin) |
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Term
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Definition
| Cortisone and prednisone are prodrugs. In the liver the keto group at position 11, ring C, must be reduced to a hydroxyl group in the liver before these drugs can exert their pharmacologic effect. This may not occur in patients with significant liver function impairment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Possesses hydroxyl group instead of a ketone group on position 11, ring C, liver modification no longer necessary. Steroids prescribed in patients with liver failure. |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibit phospholipase A2 thereby preventing cleavage of arachidonic acid and the production of lipid mediators of
inflammation.
Increase synthesis of I kb. This suppresses transport of Nf kb into the nucleus. This, in turn, decreases
proinflammatory cytokine production and secretion (lowered IL 1,2, and TNF alpha).
Suppresses leukocyte adhesion molecule expression. Leukocyte trafficking and immunosurveillance are thereby altered.
Promote a TH2 cell phenotype, stimulate IL-10 production and an increase in CD25+ T Regulatory cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Fast onset, administered in hospital.
Heparin: inactivates
factors 2, 9, 10, 11, 12 |
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Term
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Definition
Estrogen increases blood flow to vagina and amount of vaginal secretions (transudate) are proportional to blood flow.
Estrogen also keeps these secretory cells healthy and active. Used for women entering menopause, administering in late menopause will have no effect.
Increases chance of thrombi, uterine, and breast cancer. |
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Term
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Definition
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) – have been approved for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. SERMs have different degrees of estrogen agonist and partial agonist or antagonist activity in different tissues.
Raloxifene is an estrogen agonist on bone and an antagonist in both the breast and uterus.
Risk of breast cancer decreases, but risk of thrombi stays the same. Not the same amount of prevention of bone loss as estrogen. No longer pure agonist, agonist in some places, antagonist in others. |
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Term
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Definition
The bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclastic activity and decrease bone turnover and resorption. They have been shown to reduce the incidence of fractures in patients with osteoporosis (50% reduction). They are not well absorbed from the GI tract and absorption is decreased more by the presence of food. A portion of the absorbed drug is bound to bone (strong affinity for calcium phosphate).
Mechanism of action is not clear. One suggested mechanism. Bispohosphonates concentrate in bone.
1. Bone containing these drugs is not resorbed readily.
2. Osteoclasts that ingest these drugs more likely to undergo apoptosis. Less resorption and fewer osteoclasts result in more bone. |
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Term
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Definition
TRADE NAME: Accutane
Used for Acne; Vitamin A derivative
Alters gene expression; causes birth defects; Young females have to be on birth control pills before Accutane is prescribed |
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Term
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Definition
AZT, Retrovir
Antiviral, inhibits DNA synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Used for sickle cell anemia.
increases expression of fetal hemoglobin; a cytotoxic drug |
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Term
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Definition
Ciprofloxacin
inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase / topoisomerase |
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Term
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Definition
| Flagyl, treat Bacterial and parasitic infections |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit bacterial RNA polymerase; also mitochondrial RNA polymerase |
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Term
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Definition
| Glucocoticoid & a mineralocorticoid |
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Term
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Definition
Flonase, a steroid; Asthma; COPD, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis
Anti-inflammatory drug |
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Term
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Definition
Needed for making nucleotides / DNA synthesis
Treat Macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia |
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Term
|
Definition
Used for microcytic anemia,
Iron, porphyrin and globin are required for assembling hemoglobin |
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Term
|
Definition
| Needed for DNA,RNA synthesis, treat Macrocytic or megaloblastic anemia; neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
Promotes RBC formation; growth factor for RBCs
Kidney problems, after chemotherapy |
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Term
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Definition
Peptide hormone released by alpha cells of the pancreas, hunger signal
activates glucagon receptors (G protein-coupled) antagonistic to insulin; increases blood glucose levels |
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Term
|
Definition
protein hormone released by pancreatic beta cells
anabolic, promotes transport of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, K+) into cells and promotes growth
binds a surface receptor, activates intrinsic tyrosine kinase antagonistic to glucagon; lowers blood glucose levels |
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Term
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Definition
| Promotes growth; prevents protein degradation |
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Term
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Definition
| protein hormone released by adipocytes satiety (food is enough) signal; leptin deficient mice are obese |
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Term
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Definition
| Steroid hormone - a fat-soluble vitamin Increases both serum Ca2+ and phosphate levels |
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Term
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Definition
| involved in activation (by gamma-carboxylation) of blood clotting factors deficiency leads to prolonged bleeding time; inability to clot blood |
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Term
|
Definition
activates anti-thrombin
anti-coagulant |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits COX-1 and COX-2, less prostaglandins made prolonds bleeding time; also used to treat fever, pain and inflammation |
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Term
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Definition
| Vitamin K antagonist anti-coagulant |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAID; inhibits COX, less prostaglandins made pain reliever, reduce fever and anti-inflammatory |
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Term
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Definition
| NSAID; inhibits COX, less prostaglandins made pain reliever, reduce fever and anti-inflammatory |
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Term
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Definition
| works via m, d, g receptors (inhibitory) narcotic pain reliever |
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Term
|
Definition
| works via m, d, g receptors (inhibitory) narcotic pain reliever |
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Definition
| works via m, d, g receptors (inhibitory) narcotic, addictive and drug of abuse |
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Definition
| Imodium, stays in GI tract; slows down peristalsis common anti-diarrheal drug |
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Definition
Opiod antagonist
treat opioid overdoase |
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Definition
| Glucophage Insulin sensitizer; mostly in liver Treat type 2 diabetes |
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Definition
| Amaryl, etc. Close K+ channels in beta cells; oral hypoglycemic; more insulin released |
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Definition
| Precose amylase inhibitors in GI tract Treat type 2 diabetes |
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Definition
| Eg. Lovastatin inhibits cholesterol synthesis competitively inhibits key enzyme HMG-CoA reductase |
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Definition
| Inhibits intestinal lipases |
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Definition
| Tricor, etc activate lipoprotein lipase decreases plasma lipid levels |
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Definition
| Zetia Prevents cholesterol absorption in intestine treat hyperlipidemias |
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Definition
| Niaspan, etc Inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase treat hyperlipidemias |
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Definition
| Bezalip Prevent oxidation of LDL; poorly understood treat hyperlipidemias |
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Definition
| Prilosec PPI Decrease acid secretion |
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Definition
| Tagamet H2 receptor blockers Decrease acid secretion |
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Definition
| Cytotec PGE2 analog; decrease acid secretion, promote mucus secretion treat adverse effects of NSAIDs |
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Definition
| Aricept Acetylcholine Esterase inhibitor (CNS) Alzheimer's disease |
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Definition
| Robinul Muscarinic blocker |
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Definition
| Brethine beta 2 agonist; increases cAMP; relaxes smooth muscle treat asthma, COPD |
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Definition
| Entacapone (Comtan) COMT is the enzyme that inactivates catecholamines increase catecholamines |
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Definition
| Selegiline (Deprenyl) MAO is an enzyme that inactivates catecholamines increase catecholamines like dopamine; treatment fpr Parkinson's |
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Definition
| Prozac, Zoloft, etc. Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertraline (Zoloft), etc. have adrenergic side effects anti-depressants; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors |
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Definition
| Adenocard Local vasodilator; short half-life of seconds |
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Definition
| Praxilene Peptide hormone; synergistic with RAAS pathway constricts blood vessels |
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Definition
| Procardia blocks Ca2+ channels; Vasculature >> Cardiac anti-hypertensive |
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Definition
| Ca2+ channel blocker; cardiac >> Vasculature |
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Definition
| Apresoline Arterial vasodilator; open K+ channels |
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Definition
| Rogain, Regaine Arterial vasodilator; open K+ channels Topical for hair growth |
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Definition
| Digitalis, Digoxin Dig an inotrope; treatment for heart failure inhibits Na/K ATPase pump; increase cytosolic calcium levels; increases ontractility and cardiac output |
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Definition
| Primacor cAMP PDE inhibitor; heart / vasculature |
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Definition
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Definition
| Aldactone aldosterone antagonsit diuretic; K+ sparing |
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Term
| ADH (anti-diuretc hormone) |
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Definition
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Definition
| Tekturna Renin inhibitor anti-hypertensive |
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Definition
| peptide hormone; RAAS pathway Raises BP in hospital settings |
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Definition
| Peptide hormone; antagonistic to RAAS pathway Vasodilator; lowers BP |
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Definition
| Peptide hormone; antagonistic to RAAS pathway |
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Definition
| Cozaar ARB (Angiotensin Receptor Blocker) Treat hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
I. Non-Specific therapy to reduce absorption
Ingestion within 1 hour of presentation
Asymptomatic
Contraindications
Age <9 months
Hydrocarbon or corrosive ingestion
Risk for CNS depression or seizures
Absent gag reflex or depressed mental status
Pregnancy
Complications
Aspiration pneumonitis
Mallory-Weiss tear of the esophagus
Protracted vomiting |
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Term
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Definition
Single best intervention (Dose 1g/kg)
Substances not absorbed – iron, cyanide, strong acids and bases, alcohols, hydrocarbons (aromatics) |
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Term
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Definition
I. Non-Specific therapy to reduce absorption
Indications
Ingestion within 4 hours (best within 1 hr)
Window slightly improved from ipecac, but sooner is always better.
Contraindications
Acid or alkali ingestion (common in homes)
Severe bleeding diathesis
Complications
Aspiration pneumonitis
Esophageal perforation
CV instability |
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Definition
| Antidote to acetaminophen poisoning. |
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Definition
| Hyperbaric oxygen chamber |
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Definition
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Definition
| Digoxin specific Fab fragments |
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