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Definition
¢drug concentration in the body that produces the desired effect with minimal to no signs of toxicity |
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3 major drug factors involved in staying within the therapeutic range |
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Definition
l - Route of administration l- Drug dose l- Dosage interval |
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2 main ways drug can enter body and their subclasses. |
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Definition
l- Enteral: (Nonparenteral) through the GI tract (orally) l - Parenteral: not through the GI tract (excluding intestines) •Injection •Inhalant •Topical |
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Term
Factors that affect how a drug may be given are... |
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Definition
¢- Effect: sometimes the effect differs by route of administration ¢ - Solubility: If insoluble, may be given IM but not IV ¢ - Sensitivity to digestion: some drugs are destroyed by stomach acid and cannot be given orally ¢ - Animal factors: ie vomiting patient cannot have oral medications; critically ill patients require the medication to act as quickly as possible. |
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Info about Enteral Administration. ie. duration, blood lvls, absorbtion, conveniency. |
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Definition
¢- Usually most convenient route of administration for owner ¢ - Slower onset of action ¢ - Generally, longer duration of activity ¢ - Blood levels are sometime erratic due to affects on absorption from gastric environment ¢ - Medications do not need to be sterile ¢ - Drug has to be absorbable through gastric mucosa |
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Term
Name the injection type / site... l- One of the fastest means of getting drugs into the blood stream, although typically shorter duration of activity. - Can give irritating solutions. - Increased risk of adverse effects |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
linjecting a drug in a concentrated mass of pharmaceutical preparation |
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Definition
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Name the injection type / site... - injections are aqueous solutions, aqueous suspensions, oily suspensions, or injectable pellets. l- rapidly absorbed into the blood stream; most take about 30 minutes. - Longer duration of action than IV - Cannot use irritating solutions
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Definition
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Name the injection type / site... - Onset is generally faster than oral, but slower than IM. - Can give large volumes - Cannot give irritating solutions - under the connective tissue of the dermis |
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Definition
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Name the injection type / site... ¢- within the abdominal cavity - Irritating solutions may cause peritonitis l- First pass through portal system in liver which may inactivate or enhance drug action |
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Definition
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Term
Name the injection type / site... - within the skin l- Used for local treatments or allergy testing - Very slow absorption - Low blood levels obtained l- Given between the dermis and epidermis |
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Definition
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Name the injection type / site... l- Into the synovial joint space l - Requires aseptic technique l - Drug can be absorbed systemically |
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Definition
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Name the injection type / site... l- Rapid drug levels l - May be used in emergency situation or in euthanasia - in the heart |
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Definition
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Name the injection type / site... ¢- within the medullary cavity of the bone l - Commonly given into the femur or humerus l - Rapid blood levels- just like IV l - Used to administer fluids in smaller animals and birds where IV access is difficult. l - Is painful |
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Definition
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Term
Epidural Subdural Intrathecal |
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Definition
¢- Epidural: above the dura mater of the meninges ¢ - Subdural: under the dura mater of the meninges ¢ - Intrathecal: into the subarachnoid space ¢ - Rapid onset, but localized to the CNS ¢- Used for diagnostic procedures and some types of anesthesia |
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Name the type of drug administration... ¢- Rapid blood levels because the lung is a large surface area for absorption ¢- Gas particles diffuse across the alveolar membrane to the blood stream ¢- Used for anesthesia, emergency procedures, and treatment of respiratory disease l - Volatilized: turned into gases l- Nebulized: turned into fine spray |
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Definition
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Name the type of drug administration... ¢- Drug must dissolve and penetrate the skin by diffusion ¢- Nasal, conjunctival, intramammary, transdermal, rectal, and vaginal ¢- Drug may or may not be absorbed systemically; good local effect |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the amount of drug administered at one time to achieve the desired effect |
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Term
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Definition
¢initial dose of a drug, given to get drug concentration up to the therapeutic range in a short period of time |
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Definition
¢dose of the drug that keeps the drug in the therapeutic range |
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Term
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Definition
amount of drug per body weight (ie 10mg/kg) |
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Definition
¢dosage interval and dosage together (ie 10mg/kg tid) |
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Definition
¢degree which a drug produces the desired response |
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Definition
¢- undesirable response to a drug l- Can be related to the characteristics of the drug, the quality of the drug, and the amount of the drug administered |
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5 Causes of Drug Toxicity |
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Definition
- overdose, relative overdose, accidental exposure, drug interactions, incorrect treatment.
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Term
4 ways to Treat Drug Toxicity |
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Definition
¢- Removal of drug if possible i.e.Wash off topical drugs ¢ - Enhance drug removal Induce vomiting, administer fluids to enhance excretion ¢ - Give an antidote: : Counteract drug action ¢ - Provide nursing care until the animal recovers on its own from signs of toxicity |
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