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Pharmacology-Last section
Weeks 7,8,9
94
Pharmacology
Undergraduate 2
12/07/2013

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Cards

Term
What are the two main categories of fluids based on the size of their solute molecules are?
Definition
crystalloids and colloids
Term
Intravascular fluid makes up approximately ____ of total body weight.
Definition
10%
Term
Therapeutic fluids with an osmolarity of approximately ____ mOsm/L are isotonic.
Definition
300
Term
______ is a determination of the osmotic pressure of a solution based on the relative number of solute particles in 1 kg of the solution.
Definition
Osmolality
Term
The osmolarity of dog and cat serum is approximately ______ mOsm/L.
Definition
300
Term
Commercial fluids with an osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L are ______.
Definition
isotonic
Term
Any product that contains the electrolyte ______ should be given by slow IV administration to prevent cardiac complications.
Definition
calcium
Term
______ is decreased body pH caused by excess hydrogen ions in the extracellular fluid.
Definition
metabolic acidosis
Term
Electrolytes with a positive charge are known as ______.
Definition
cations
Term
_______ are solutions containing electrolyte and nonelectrolyte substance that are capable of passing through cell membranes and therefore entering all body fluid compartments.
Definition
crystalloids
Term
Water represents ____ of the total body weight in adult animals.
Definition
60%
Term
Water represents _____ of the total body weight in neonatal animals.
Definition
80%
Term
A substance that decreases the change in pH when an acid or base is added is a(n)
Definition
buffer
Term
A ______ is a substance that dissociated into ions when placed in solution, becoming capable of conduction electricity.
Definition
electrolyte
Term
A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution is called a
Definition
solute
Term
Increased body pH caused by excess biocarbinate in the extracellular fluid (ECF) is called ______.
Definition
metabolic alkalosis
Term
What is a sign for overhydration?
Definition
crackle sounds in the lung fields
Term
This is an example of a colloid fluid
Definition
hetastarch
Term
Sodium bicarbonate is often added to fluids to correct ________.
Definition
metabolic acidosis
Term
Dextrose is added to fluids to:
Definition
correct hypoglycemia
Term
The level of fluid in a 1L bag reads halfway between the 4 and 5 marks. How much fluid remains in the bag?
Definition
450 mL
Term
The level of fluid in the 1-L IV bag reads at the 700 mark. How much fluid has been given?
Definition
300 mL
Term
What is the fluid deficit in milliliters for a 33-lb dog with 9% dehydration?
Definition
1350
Term
What is the fluid deficit for a 10-lb cat with 12% dehydration?
Definition
540
Term
In administering calcium supplements:
Definition
the heart should be monitored for arrhythmia
Term
Water represents:
Definition
60% of the total body weight in adult animals and 80% of the total body weight in neonatal animals
Term
Water soluble vitamins include:
Definition
Vitamin C
Term
Balanced electrolyte replacement solution-
Definition
Lactated nringer's solutio
Term
Non-balanced electrolyte replacement solution-
Definition
Dextrose 5% in water
Term
A colloid-
Definition
Dextran
Term
A water soluble vitamin-
Definition
Vitamin B1
Term
A fat soluble vitamin-
Definition
Vitamin D
Term
A synthetic colloid-
Definition
Dexran, hetastarch
Term
Isotonic crystalloids-
Definition
0.9% Sodium Chloride, Lactated Ringer's solution
Term
Calcium-free crystalloid-
Definition
Normosol-R
Term
Must be given slowly and monitor heart; used to treat milk fever in ruminants.
Definition
calcium supplements
Term
Often used to treat hypoglycemia
Definition
50% dextrose
Term
Adverse effects are hyperkalemia
Definition
potassium chloride
Term
A alkalizing agent
Definition
sodium bicarbonate
Term
A water soluble agent
Definition
Vitamin B
Term
What are 2 common neurological drugs that may cause seizures?
Definition
Acepromazine and Ketamine
Term
What are 2 commonly used drugs that are used to stop seizures?
Definition
Diazepam and pentobarbital
Term
What is a commonly used drug used to prevent/decrease the frequency of seizures?
Definition
phenobarbital
Term
What are the 2 common uses desired in atropine when given as a pre-anesthetic?
Definition
dry secretions and prevent bradycardia
Term
What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine?
Definition
acetylcholinesterase
Term
What is a drug that has similar effects to atropine?
Definition
glycopyrrolate
Term
What very common tranquilizing drug can prevent or treat vomiting?
Definition
acepromazine
Term
What are ways to induce vomiting?
Definition
hydrogen peroxide, apomorphine, xylazine
Term
What drug is a short-acting hypnotic, a white-milky emulsion, very smooth anesthetic induction, and must be discarded at the end of the day?
Definition
propofol
Term
What is the common agent present in most euthanasia drugs?
Definition
pentobarbital
Term
What are controlled substances used as antitussives?
Definition
butorphanol, codeine, hydrocodan
Term
Bronchodilators that are beta-2 adrenergic agonists..
Definition
epinephrine, isoproteronol,albuterol
Term
Expectorants are indicated when what type of cough is present?
Definition
productive
Term
Which antitussive combination drug also has a corticosteroid in it?
Definition
temaril-p
Term
Phenothiazine derivative tranquilizer-
Definition
acepromazine
Term
Anticonvulsant drug-
Definition
phenobarbital
Term
Synthetic narcotic-
Definition
butorphanol
Term
Adrenergic agonist-
Definition
epinephrine
Term
Stimulant of respiration-
Definition
doxapram
Term
Sedation and analgesia in dogs-
Definition
medetomidine
Term
Actions similar to atropine-
Definition
glycopyrrolate
Term
Reduces intraocular pressure (used with glaucoma)-
Definition
pilocarpine
Term
Analgesic drug-
Definition
morphine
Term
Treats urinary incontinence in dogs-
Definition
phenylpropanolamine
Term
Slows heart rate-
Definition
digoxin-increase for of contraction; decrease HR; improve baroreceptor function; Rx for CHF
Term
Diuretic-
Definition
Furosemide
Term
Increases heart rate-
Definition
Positive chronotopic effect
Term
Used for PVCs-
Definition
Atenolol-selective B-1 Blocker: decrease HR, decrease cardiac conduction, decrease myocardial O2 demand; decrease CO
Term
Used in atropine-resistant bradycardia-
Definition
Isoproterenol-seldom used
Term
Class II antiarrhymic-
Definition
Propranolol
Term
Catecholamine-
Definition
Epinephrine
Term
Increases strength of contractions-
Definition
Positive inotropic effect
Term
Arteriolar dilator-
Definition
Hydralzine
Term
Reduces clot formation-
Definition
Aspirin
Term
A very common urinary alkalizer
Definition
potassium citrate
Term
Used to treat cystic follicular ovaries in cattle
Definition
Gonadorelin (GnRH)
Term
Augments the force of contractions of the uterus during delivery, induces milk let down, is used to assist delivery of the placenta
Definition
oxytocin
Term
This is a treatment for hypothryroidism
Definition
levothyroxine
Term
The nickname for this medication is a "gastric band-aid"; a paste-like substance that binds to the surface
Definition
carafate
Term
Which diuretic "spares" or conserves potassium?
Definition
spironolactone
Term
Hypoandrenocorticism is treated with which medication.
Definition
prednisone
Term
Stimulation of respiration in anesthetized patients can be achieved with
Definition
doxapram
Term
A drug that actually produces the action of a natural body substance when it binds to its receptor
Definition
an agonist
Term
Insulin overdose can lead to:
Definition
hypoglycemia
Term
What is an agent that will provide reversal of a narcotic?
Definition
antagonist
Term
Contraindicated if GI obstruction is suspected
Definition
metoclopramine
Term
Which type of insulin is recommended for the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?
Definition
Regular Insulin
Term
A calcium channel blocker commonly used to hypertension in small animal is
Definition
Amlodipine
Term
What predisposes animals to pyometra?
Definition
progestins
Term
What male sex hormones that produces in the testicles, ovaries and adrenal cortex
Definition
androgens
Term
Irritates gastric mucosa to induce vomiting-
Definition
apomorphine
Term
Surfactant/Stool softener-
Definition
docusate
Term
Drug used to reduce salvation-
Definition
glycopyrrolate
Term
Protectant/Absorbent anti-diarrhea-
Definition
Kaolin/Pectin
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