REVERSAL AGENTS

• Opiod analgesics = NALOXONE (narcan), NALMEFENE (revex), NALTREXONE (revia, trexan)
• Benzodiazepines= FLUMAZENIL (mazicon)
• Nondepolarizing = NEOSTIGMINE (prostigmin) , EDROPHONIUM (tensilon)

NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS

(IUM - IDE)

• Must be relaxed for surgery / intubation
• Depolarization = contraction
• Repolarization = relaxation
• Depolarizing- SUCCINYLCHOLINE (anectine) ONLY depolarizer - causes sustained contraction
• Nondepolarizing- ATRACURIUM BESYLATE (tracrium) MIVACURIUM (mivacron) PANCURONIUM BROMIDE (pavulon) ROCURONIUM BROMIDE (zemuron) VECURONIUM BROMIDE (norcuron) - prevents muscle contraction

INHALATION AGENTS

(ane)

• HALOTHANE (flothane) first nonexplosive
• Turns liquid into gas
• Diffuses into blood from air in alveoli
• Eliminated quickly pulm, hepatic, renal
• MAC=minimum alveolar concentration - stops motor response to pain
• N2O - widley used in clinical practice
• ISOCLURANE (forane)
• DESFLURANE (suprane)
• SEVOFLURANE (ultane)
• All may trigger MH except N2O

OPIOIDS

• Most common analgesic
• Natural Opiods: Morphine, Codeine
• Synthetic: FENTANYL (sublimaze) ALFENTANIL (alfenta) SUFENTANIL (sufenta) REMIFENTANIL (ultiva) - Short action, intense analgesic
• FENTANYL provides analgesia + sedation

HYPNOTICS

(VARIOUS CHEMICAL CATAGORIES)

• KETAMINE (ketalar)iv dissociative used for induction and maintenance of ga. Only hypnotic that provides analgesic. Can cause hallucinations, inv movement - used for superficial procedures of short duration
• ETOMIDATE (amidate)iv-unconciousness but NO analgesia or muscle relaxation. Used in patients with compromised heart, cardioversion, hypovelemic
• PROPOFOL (diprivan)iv- is an EMULSION, unconcious state, brief duration, poor analgesia, no muscle relaxation. CI - egg allergies

HYPNOTICS- BARBITUATES

(AL)

• Short acting hypnotics
• Induce anesthesia with no analgesia
• Patients may be aggitated during emergenc phase due to pain
• THIOPENTAL (pentothal)
• METHOHEXITAL (brevital)

BENZODIAZEPINES

(am)

• IV sedatives with amnestic effects
• Do NOT provide analgesia
• MIDAZOLAM (versed)
• DIAZEPAM (valium)
• LORAZEPAM (ativan)