Term
1) Gabapentin's Pharmacologic Class
2) Uses
3) Adverse reactions |
|
Definition
1) Anti-epileptic agent
2) Adjunct treatment of partial seizures, with and without generalization in adults and children 3 years of age or older
3) Somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, fatigue, nystagmus, blurred vision, and confusion. Edema weight gain and movement disorders have been reported. |
|
|
Term
1) Hydrochlorothiazide Pharmacologic Class
2) Mechanism of action:
3) How does it effect blood pressure?
4) What is another use for HCTZ?
5) Common Adverse Reactions: 3
6) 4 other side effects:
7) Drug Interactions: |
|
Definition
1) Thiazide diuretic
2) Inhibit sodium reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubule and part of the ascending loop of Henle. Water and chloride ions passively accompany the sodium, producing diuresis. Potassium excretion is also increased.
3) The thiazides’ effect on blood pressure may occur because the extracellular fluid volume is reduced, and even when the volume reduction returns to normal, the interstitial volume may remain reduced.
4) Also used to treat fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, kidney disorders or edema caused by taking steroids or estrogen.
5) Hypokalemia (secondary to sodium-potassium exchange), hyperuricemia (inhibits uric acid secretion), and xerostomia.
6) Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia, and anorexia are other side effects.
7) Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can reduce the antihypertensive effect of the thiazide diuretics.
Thiazides can cause hypokalemia and can sensitize the myocardium to developing arrhythmias. The potential for arrhythmias is exacerbated in patients taking digoxin, especially if digitalis toxicity is present.
Epinephrine also has arrhythmic potential; limit to cardiac dose when patient is taking thiazide diuretics and digitalis toxicity may be present.
The thiazide diuretics potentiate the action of the other antihypertensives, increasing the potential for hypotension. |
|
|
Term
1) Hydrocodone Pharmacologic Class:
2) Uses: 2
3) Adverse Reactions: 6
4) Hydrocodone is a schedule IV or III drug? Why? |
|
Definition
1) Opioid Agonist
2) For the treatment of acute or chronic pain, and in combination with antihistamines or anticholinergics used to treat cough.
3) Nausea, vomiting, constipation, lightheadedness, dizziness, or drowsiness may occur.
4) Hydrocodone is a Schedule III drug because of its risk for abuse, addiction, and misuse even at recommended doses. |
|
|
Term
| Which drug is indicated for the management of severe pain that requires opioid analgesics? |
|
Definition
Hydrocodone ER (extended release)
Immediate-release hydrocodone is only available in combination with either ibuprofen or acetaminophen. In the combination of hydrocodone and acetaminophen, the dose of acetaminophen has been lowered because of the risk of hepatotoxicity. |
|
|
Term
| Which opioids should be prescribed first for dental pain? |
|
Definition
| Codeine or hydrocodone combinations and then progressing to oxycodone combinations |
|
|
Term
1) Sertaline Hydrochloride Pharmacologic Class
2) Uses:
3)Mechanism of action:
4) Adverse Reactions: 4
5) Oral side effects: 7
6) Safety and Effectiveness? |
|
Definition
1) Selective Serotonin Retake Inhibitor SSRI
2) First line therapy for the treatment of major depression.
3) Inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT (serotonin receptors)
4) CNS stimulation: Headache, dizziness, tremor, agitation, sweating, and insomnia
Weight loss or weight stabilization occurs more often than the weight gain that occurs with TCAs.
Somnolence and fatigue can also occur.
Nausea and diarrhea occur in about 15% to 30% of patients. Anorexia, dyspepsia, and constipation have been reported.
Other side effects include sexual dysfunction
5) Oral side effects include:
xerostomia
taste changes
aphthous stomatitis
glossitis
rarely, increased salivation, salivary gland enlargement, and tongue discoloration or edema.
6) They are generally well tolerated, safe, and effective. |
|
|
Term
1) Furosemide Pharmacologic Class
2) Uses: 2
3) Mechanism of Action:
4) Adverse reactions: |
|
Definition
1) Loop Diuretic
2) Used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension), and fluid retention edema in CHF, liver disease, and kidney disorder patients
3) Furosemide acts on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and has some effect on the distal tubule.
Like thiazides, loop diuretics inhibit the reabsorption of sodium with concurrent loss of fluids.
Loop diuretics can be used when rapid diuresis is required.
4) Furosemide’s side effects are similar to those of the thiazides and include hypokalemia and hyperuricemia. However, there is a higher risk of adverse reactions with furosemide because it is much more potent than the thiazide diuretics. |
|
|
Term
1) Fluticasone Pharmacologic Class:
2) Use:
3) Mechanism of Action:
4) Adverse Reactions:
5) Treatment of COPD? |
|
Definition
1) Corticosteroid
2) Inhaled corticosteroids are the most effective long-term treatment for control of symptoms in all patients with mild, moderate, or severe persistent asthma.
3) The orally inhaled corticosteroids are especially useful in reducing inflammation and therefore reducing the secretions and swelling that occur within the lungs after an asthma attack.
Although the steroids produce no immediate benefit in an acute asthmatic attack, they hasten recovery and decrease morbidity in these patients.
They reduce hyperreactive airway.
4) Prolonged inhalation may cause candidiasis. Patients using oral corticosteroid inhalers should be advised to rinse the mouth and gargle with water after using the inhaler to minimize the chance of candidiasis.
5) Inhaled corticosteroid monotherapy is not approved for COPD. Inhaled corticosteroids in combination with long-acting β2-agonists can be used to treat COPD. |
|
|
Term
1) Acetaminophen Pharmacologic Class:
2) Uses: 2
3) Where is it metabolized?
4) A single ingestion of how many grams is considered a toxic dose?
5) The principal toxic effects of acetaminophen are:
6) The toxic metabolite that contributes to hepatic necrosis is: |
|
Definition
1) Non-opioid analgesic
only member of the p-aminophenols currently available for clinical use
2) It is used as an analgesic and antipyretic in children and in adults when aspirin is contraindicated.
It is especially useful in patients who have aspirin hypersensitivity or in whom aspirin-induced gastric irritation would be a problem.
3) It is metabolized by liver microsomal enzymes.
4) 12g
5) hepatic necrosis and nephrotoxicity
6) N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine |
|
|
Term
| Why has acetaminophen replaced Aspirin in use for young children? |
|
Definition
| Acetaminophen has replaced the use of aspirin in young children because of aspirin’s association with Reye’s syndrome. |
|
|
Term
Acetaminophen and aspirin are equally efficacious and equally potent.
Acetaminophen is useful for the treatment of arthritis, but not any other type of inflammatory pain.
True/True
False/False
True/False
False True? |
|
Definition
True/False
Acetaminophen is not useful for the treatment of arthritis or any other type of inflammatory pain. |
|
|
Term
Alcoholics or patients who ingest 4 or more alcoholic beverages a day should avoid acetaminophen.
T/F? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Concurrent chronic use of the combination of acetaminophen and aspirin or NSAIDs increases the risk of: 4 |
|
Definition
analgesic nephropathy,
renal papillary necrosis,
end-stage renal disease,
and cancer of the kidney or urinary bladder |
|
|
Term
| The FDA has issued a safety announcement regarding acetaminophen because of the risk of three rare but potentially fatal skin reactions: |
|
Definition
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis |
|
|
Term
| Unlike aspirin, acetaminophen does not: 3 |
|
Definition
produce gastric bleeding
affect platelet adhesiveness
affect uric acid excretion. |
|
|
Term
The treatment of overdose toxicity for acetaminophen should begin with: Administration of ______ should follow.
The administration of ______ reduces or even prevents liver damage if given soon enough after its ingestion. |
|
Definition
gastric lavage if the drug has recently been ingested.
activated charcoal
sulfhydryl groups in the form of oral N-acetylcysteine |
|
|
Term
| The hepatotoxicity related to acetaminophen can be potentiated by administration of agents that induce hepatic microsomal enzymes such as: 4 |
|
Definition
| barbiturates, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and rifampin |
|
|
Term
| Adults should not take more than _______ of acetaminophen in a 24-hour period. |
|
Definition
| 10 regular-strength or 6 extra-strength tablets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dosage is 500 mg every 6 hours for 5 to 7 days. |
|
|
Term
Amoxicillin is a relative of _____
It is most often used to treat infections because it: 4 |
|
Definition
ampicillin
produces higher blood levels, is better absorbed, requires less frequent dosing, and its absorption is not impaired by food. |
|
|
Term
1) Drug of choice for prophylactic antibiotics used before a dental treatment to prevent infective endocarditis
2) What are 4 other uses for this drug? |
|
Definition
1) Amoxicillin
2) It is used to treat upper respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and meningitis. It is used to treat children with ear infections. |
|
|
Term
1) What is the main difference between ampicillin and amoxicillin?
2) What is the mechanism of action? |
|
Definition
1) Amoxicillin is slightly more lipid soluble. As a result, amoxicillin may kill bacteria slightly quicker.
2) Amoxicillin acts by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls. |
|
|
Term
| Adverse reactions of Amoxicillin include: 5 |
|
Definition
GI upset
vaginal itching or discharge
headache
rash
and swollen, black, or "hairy" tongue. |
|
|
Term
1) Alprazolam Drug Class:
2) Uses: 3
3) Mechanism of action:
4) Contraindication for its use:
5) Drug interactions: 4 |
|
Definition
1) Benzodiazepine
2) Anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and anxiety caused by depression
3) The exact mechanism of action of alprazolam is unknown.
Benzodiazepines bind to gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in the brain and enhance GABA-mediated synaptic inhibition; such actions may be responsible for the efficacy of alprazolam in anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
4) narrow-angle glaucoma
5) Itraconazole or ketoconazole
Alcohol
Concomitant use of benzodiazepines and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. |
|
|
Term
1) Which pregnancy category drug is Alprazolam?
2) Why? (2 reasons)
3) What can happen if the mother uses it while nursing?
4) What is the indication for its use in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
1) Category D
2) First-trimester use of benzodiazepines has been reported to increase the risk of congenital malformations. Cleft palate and lip and neural tube defects have been seen.
Chronic ingestion of benzodiazepines can produce physical dependence in the infant. Floppy infant syndrome has been seen at birth, with inadequate suckling reflex or apnea.
3) Use of benzodiazepines by the nursing mother may cause sedation and feeding difficulties in the infant.
4) Benzodiazepines are indicated during pregnancy only for the treatment of status epilepticus. |
|
|
Term
1) Glargine drug class
2) Mechanism of action: 2 |
|
Definition
1) Insulin analog
2) lowers the blood glucose concentration by stimulating glucose uptake especially by muscle and fat. It also inhibits hepatic glucose production. |
|
|
Term
1) The most common adverse reaction associated with any insulin product is? Can be caused by? 3
2) An allergic reaction to insulin is usually caused by?
3) atrophy of the subcutaneous fatty tissue at the site of insulin injection is called? |
|
Definition
1) hypoglycemia.
This reaction can be caused by an unintentional insulin overdose (insulin shock), failure to eat, or increased exercise or stress.
2) noninsulin contaminants.
3) Lipodystrophy. The incidence of these reactions has decreased because the newer insulin preparations are purer and because patient education about changing the injection site has improved. |
|
|
Term
1) 3 drug classes that increase the insulin's requirements
2) General anesthetics should be used with caution because of the possibility of: |
|
Definition
1) Epinephrine, glucocorticoids, or opioid analgesics
2) Acidosis
If diabetes is in good control, then these drugs can be used. |
|
|
Term
1) Montelukast drug class:
2) Use:
3) It provides relief for sneezing, itching, discharge, and congestion but is less effective than: 2 |
|
Definition
1) Leukotriene receptor antagonist
2) For the treatment of seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis.
3) H1-antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| Montelukast is generally well tolerated. However, there are postmarketing reports of: 3 |
|
Definition
psychiatric symptoms, thoughts of suicide, and sleep disturbances.
Patients taking montelukast have reported mood changes. |
|
|
Term
1) Pantoprazole Sodium drug class:
2) Use:
3) Mechanism of action: |
|
Definition
1) Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
2) Monotherapy for the acute treatment and maintenance therapy of GERD
3 Iinhibits gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the K+/H+ pump (potassium pump) located on the apical membrane of the gastric parietal cell, inhibiting secretion of H+ into the stomach. |
|
|
Term
| Some of the most common side effects associated with PPIs include: 5 |
|
Definition
| headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, and dizziness. |
|
|
Term
| Long-term use of PPIs, particularly at high doses, has been associated with an increased risk of ?. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2 oral adverse effects of PPI use
3 drug interactions: |
|
Definition
Mucosal atrophy of the tongue and dry mouth have been reported.
Drug interactions:
Ampicillin
Warfarin
Digoxin |
|
|
Term
PPIs do not heal ulcers as rapidly as H2-receptor blockers. Tolerance does not occur with PPIs because the increased gastric-mediated histamine release cannot overcome proton pump blockade.
True/true
False/False
False/True
or True/False? |
|
Definition
F/T
PPIs heal ulcers more rapidly than H2-receptor blockers or any other drugs. |
|
|
Term
1) Bupropion drug class:
2) Common name:
3) A small percentage of patients treated with bupropion have experienced _____ when taking this drug. |
|
Definition
1)Dopamine-NE reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)
2) Wellbutrin
3) Seizures. Because of its seizure potential, it is reserved for patients who are not responsive to other agents. |
|
|
Term
1) Prednisone drug class:
2) Uses: 2
3) Prolonged systemic use can result in: 7 |
|
Definition
1) Most commonly used systemic corticosteroid
2) May be necessary for some moderate or severely asthmatic patients.
For oral lesions: when topical corticosteroid therapy is ineffective or if the condition is severe
3)
poor wound healing;
immunosuppression;
osteoporosis;
fluid retention;
diabetes;
hypertension;
adrenal suppression, and its manifestations of moon face, buffalo hump, and abdominal striae |
|
|
Term
| Aspirin has how many different pharmacological effects? |
|
Definition
1) Analgesic effect to relieve mild to moderate pain such as arthritis, headache, or toothache
2) Antipyretic effect
3) Antiinflammatory effect
4) Uricosuric effect
5) Antiplatelet effect |
|
|
Term
| Aspirin can counteract the effect of ______, which is used to treat gout. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Depending on the dose of aspirin, aspirin can inhibit either _____ or _____ |
|
Definition
Small doses: prostacyclin (inhibits aggregation)
Large doses: thromboxane A2 (stimulates aggregation). |
|
|
Term
1) The ability of aspirin to reduce fever (antipyretic) results from its inhibition of ______ in the hypothalamus.
2) Aspirin also reduces an elevated temperature or fever by inducing: |
|
Definition
1) prostaglandin synthesis
2) peripheral vasodilation and sweating |
|
|
Term
Aspirin’s antiinflammatory effect is derived from its ability to
This is because: |
|
Definition
inhibit prostaglandin synthesis (COX I and II).
The prostaglandins are potent vasodilation agents, inhibition of the prostaglandins causes decreased erythema and swelling of the inflamed area. |
|
|
Term
| Large/Small doses of aspirin have an uricosuric effect, which means that it can increase the elimination of uric acid. However, Large/Small doses of aspirin produce uric acid retention. |
|
Definition
| Large doses of aspirin have an uricosuric effect, which means that it can increase the elimination of uric acid. However, small doses of aspirin produce uric acid retention. |
|
|
Term
| Prostaglandins, which are lipids that are synthesized locally by inflammatory stimuli, can sensitize the pain receptors to substances such as ____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Because aspirin blocks the synthesis of prostaglandins by non-selectively blocking cyclo-oxygenase, it is more effective if given while the painful stimuli are being experienced.
Statement and reason are correct
Statement and reason are not correct
Statement is correct, and reason is not correct
Statement is not correct, and reason is correct |
|
Definition
Statement is correct, and reason is not correct
Because aspirin blocks the synthesis of prostaglandins by non-selectively blocking cyclo-oxygenase, it is more effective if given before the painful stimuli are experienced. |
|
|
Term
| Aspirin’s most frequent side effect is related to the: |
|
Definition
| GI tract and may be simple dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, or gastric bleeding. |
|
|
Term
1) At usual therapeutic doses, aspirin irreversibly interferes with the clotting mechanism by reducing platelet adhesiveness. The bleeding time is prolonged, and each platelet is affected until new platelets are formed in ____ days.
2) Replacement of all the affected platelets is/is not required to produce normal clotting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1) In children and adolescents with either chickenpox or influenza, aspirin has been associated with _______.
2) This syndrome is associated with _____ and ____, commonly fatal. |
|
Definition
1) Reye’s syndrome
2) hepatotoxicity and encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
1) With aspirin abuse during pregnancy, increased risk of ___, ___, and ___ occur.
2) With near-term, high-dose administration of aspirin, what 3 things can happen? |
|
Definition
1) stillbirth, neonatal death, and decreased birth weight
2) gestation can be prolonged, parturition delayed, and risk of hemorrhage increased in the newborn and the mother |
|
|
Term
| An overdose of aspirin can produce harmful effects and even death. The toxic reaction is referred to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1) Salicylism is characterized by: 8
2) At higher levels, stimulation of respiration leads to ___, producing what?
3) The cause of death from aspirin poisoning is usually ____ and ____.
4) Lethal dose of Aspirin for children and adults: |
|
Definition
1) tinnitus (ringing in the ears),
headache,
nausea,
vomiting,
dizziness,
and dimness of vision.
Hyperthermia and electrolyte imbalance can also occur
2) hyperventilation, producing respiratory alkalosis
3) acidosis and electrolyte imbalance.
4) Child: 4 g
Adult: 10 to 30 g |
|
|
Term
1) Aspirin is also known as ____, and is broken down into ___ and ___
2) What are the characteristics of these two components of Aspirin? |
|
Definition
1) Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, ASA) is broken down into acetic acid (HA) and salicylic acid (SA).
2) Acetic acid imparts the characteristic vinegar odor to a bottle of aspirin.
Salicylic acid is a strong keratolytic agent used to remove plantar warts from the bottom of the feet.
It may cause additional adverse gastrointestinal effects if degraded aspirin is administered orally. |
|
|
Term
1) Aspirin is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the ___ and ___.
2) It is widely distributed into most body tissues and fluids. The addition of a ___ in the tablet facilitates the dispersing, dissolving, and absorption of the aspirin. |
|
Definition
1) stomach and small intestine
2) buffer |
|
|
Term
| The metabolism of aspirin is called zero-order kinetics because? |
|
Definition
| A constant amount rather than a constant percentage of the drug is metabolized per hour. |
|
|
Term
| The incidence of true allergy is less than ?%. Patients with which condition are more likely to have a hypersensitive reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Drug interactions of Aspirin: 5 |
|
Definition
Warfarin = Bleeding
Probenecid = Precipitates gout attack
Methotrexate (MTX) = Causes increased serum concentration and MTX toxicity
Sulfonylureas = Hypoglycemia
Antihypertensives = Reduce effects of hypertensive agents |
|
|
Term
1) During the third trimester and with chronic high-dose aspirin use, aspirin can do what to the mother/fetus? 5
2) Abuse of aspirin may increase what? |
|
Definition
1) prolong gestation,
complicate delivery,
decrease placental function,
or increase the risk of maternal or fetal hemorrhage.
Premature closure of the patent ductus arteriosus may occur.
2) Abuse of aspirin may increase stillbirths or neonatal death. |
|
|
Term
1) Levothyroxine Drug class:
2) Use:
3) In the small child, hypofunction of the thyroid is referred to as ___. In the adult, this condition is called ____ or simple hypothyroidism. |
|
Definition
1) Hormone
2) Hypothyroidism
3) cretinism, myxedema |
|
|
Term
1) Lisinopril drug class:
2) Mecanism of action:
3) ACEIs are effective in treating ____ and are ____ tolerated.
4) They are less effective in which patients?
How would these patients make this drug more effective?
5) Cardiac output and heart rate are relatively affected/unaffected by this drug?
6) How does it affect diabetic neuropathy? |
|
Definition
1)ACE inhibitor
2) ACEIs prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction (increasing peripheral vascular resistance) and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone, facilitating water retention. When these events are blocked, the blood pressure is lowered.
3) Hypertension, well
4) They are less effective in black patients and other patients with low renin activity unless they are combined with a thiazide diuretic or CCB
5) unaffected
6) Retards the progression of diabetic neuropathy whether hypertension is present or not |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1) Metformin Hydrochoride drug class:
2) Mechanism of action:
3) Metformin may be used alone, in combination with a ___, or with ___?
4) Adverse reactions to metformin are primarily related to ___ and include anorexia, dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea, and vomiting.
5) This agent can cause headache and interfere with ____ absorption.
6) ____, its most serious side effect, is rare.
7) Oral manifestations include a ____. |
|
Definition
1) Anti-hyperglycemic
2) Metformin increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, and increases peripheral skeletal muscle uptake of glucose.
3) Metformin may be used alone, in combination with a sulfonylurea, or with insulin for management of type 2 diabetes.
4) The GI tract (30%)
5) Vitamin B 12
6) Lactic acidosis
7) Metallic taste |
|
|
Term
1) Amlodipine Besylate drug class:
2) Mechanism of Action:
3) Uses: |
|
Definition
1) CCB
2) The inhibition of calcium ion influx produces vasodilation, which causes coronary vasodilation and reverses vasospasms. By producing systemic vasodilation, the CCBs reduce the afterload on the heart (decrease the total peripheral resistance).
3) These effects are useful in the treatment of both angina pectoris and hypertension. |
|
|
Term
1) Metoprolol drug class:
2) Mechanism of action:
3) Use:
4) Pregnancy class:
5) Drug interactions include: 5 |
|
Definition
1) Beta Blocker
2) These drugs block the β-adrenergic receptor response to catecholamine stimulation, thereby reducing both the chronotropic and inotropic effects. The net result is a reduced myocardial oxygen demand.
3) β-Blockers are effective in reducing both exercise-and stress-induced anginal episodes.
4) Category C
5) calcium channel blockers, epinephrine, antidepressants, ergot alkaloids, and MAOI. |
|
|
Term
1) Omeprazole drug class:
2) side effects: 4
3) Drug Interaction:
4) Use: |
|
Definition
1) Proton Pump Inhibitor
2) Mucosal atrophy of the tongue and dry mouth
Increased risk of osteoporotic fractures.
Hypomagnesemia.
Greater risk of Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea and community-acquired pneumonia.
Gastroduodenal tumors have been reported in patients taking long-term omeprazole to treat Zollinger Ellison syndrome,
3) Clarithromycin increases the level of drugs metabolized in the liver
4) Heartburn relief, GERD, gastric ulcers |
|
|
Term
1) Losartan Potassium drug class:
2) Mechanism of action:
3) This drug class acts similarly to which other drug class?
4) Adverse reactions?
5) Dental Drug Interactions: |
|
Definition
1) ARBs
2) blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II
3) ARBs are as effective as ACEIs in reducing blood pressure with equal renoprotective and cardioprotective effects. Like ACEIs, ARBs are less effective in black patients and other patients with low renin activity unless combined with a diuretic or calcium channel blocker.
4) Because ARBs work by blocking angiotensin II at its receptor, they are more specific than ACEIs and may be expected to cause fewer adverse reactions. Fetal and neonatal morbidity and death can occur if losartan is administered to a pregnant woman.
5) NSAIDs may antagonize the antihypertensive effect of losartan by inhibiting renal prostaglandin synthesis or by causing sodium and fluid retention. |
|
|
Term
1) Hypothyroid patients have difficulties withstanding ___ and tend to be abnormally sensitive to: (including ___ and ___)
2) Hypothyroid pregnant women tend to produce offspring with what? |
|
Definition
1) stress, all central nervous system (CNS) depressants, including the opioids and sedatives
2) large teeth |
|
|
Term
1) Characteristic adverse effect of ACE Inhibitors?
2) Do ACE Inhibitors cause hyper or hypokalemia?
3) Safe for pregnancy? |
|
Definition
Dry hacking cough
2) ACEIs can cause hyperkalemia, and potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics should not be used with them.
3) No, teratogenic |
|
|
Term
| Drug interactions of ACE Inhibitors: 1 |
|
Definition
| Continuous use of NSAIDs reduce ACE Inhibitor effect |
|
|
Term
| An ACEI may be used alone or in combination with which 3 drug classes? |
|
Definition
| β-blocker, thiazide diuretic, or CCB. |
|
|
Term
| Albuterol drug interactions: |
|
Definition
Other short-acting sympathomimetic aerosol bronchodilators and adrenergic drugs- may potentiate effects
Beta-blockers- may decrease effectiveness of albuterol, can cause severe bronchospasm
Diuretics- may potentiate hypokalemia or ECG changes
Digoxin- may decrease serum digoxin levels
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants(TCAs)- may potentiate effect of albuterol on the cardiovascular system |
|
|
