Term
which drugs are aminoglycosides? And how are they administered? |
|
Definition
gentamicin tobramycin amikacin all administered IV |
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Term
| what are aminglycosides used to treat? |
|
Definition
gram neg bacilli (narrow spectrum) |
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Term
| why are indications limited for aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
| bc they can cause serious injury to the inner ears and kidneys |
|
|
Term
| how must you dose aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
| based on serum concentrations |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Interrupt protein synthesis 2. cause premature termination of protein synthesis 3. cause production of abnormal proteins EXHIBIT A POSTANTIBIOTIC EFFECT (KILL EFFECT) |
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Term
| which type of antibiotic exhibits a postantibiotic effect? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| which types of aminoglycosides treat conjunctivitis (caused by gram - bacilli) through opthalmic drops? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how are aminoglycosides excreted? |
|
Definition
renally and they are not metabolized |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Ototoxicity (not reversible) Nephrotoxicity neuromuscular blockade (AEs are related to high trough levels -- good to give an entire daily dose in one daily dose) |
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|
Term
| what should you make sure to not use when taking aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
ototoxic or nephrotoxic drugs sk mm relaxants bc it would increase its already existing SEs |
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|
Term
| Which aminoglycoside is reserved for use in hospitals where they have shown resistance? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which 2 infections does gentamicin primarily treat? |
|
Definition
pseudomonas and enterococcus |
|
|
Term
| what does tobramycin primarily treat? |
|
Definition
| same as gentamicin, but more pseudomonas and less enteroccocus |
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|
Term
| which antibiotic is available in a nebulizer to treat pts with cystic fibrosis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which antibiotics disrupt synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what drugs are sulfonamides? |
|
Definition
sulfasoxazole sulfamethoxazole sulfasalazine silver sulfadiazine mafenide sulfacetamide |
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|
Term
| which sulfonamide can be used as eye or ear drops? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which sulfonamide is used to treat chronic inflammatory bowel disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which sulfonamide is used as a topical cream to treat burns? |
|
Definition
silver sulfadiazine and mafenide but it stings more |
|
|
Term
| what do sulfonamides treat? |
|
Definition
gram + cocci (including MRSA) gram - bacilli actinomycetes chlamydiae some protozoa |
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|
Term
|
Definition
crystalluria hypersensitivity (Steven's Johnson rash) hemolytic anemia kernicterus hypoglycemia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
a synthetic drug that interferes with the bacteria's ability to replicated DNA makes it so dihydrofolic acid can't be turned into tetrahydrofolic acid |
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|
Term
| what can trimethoprim be combined with to make it even more effective? |
|
Definition
a sulfonamide bc they inhibit different steps in the production of tetrahydrofolic acid which is needed for bacteria DNA replication |
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Term
|
Definition
GI primarily if used short term anemia if used long term neither is really that bad |
|
|
Term
| why would use prescribe TMP SMZ? |
|
Definition
for the treatment and prevention of pneumocystis pneumonia and ampicillin-resistant salmonella common uses: UTI, otitis media, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, travelers diarrhea |
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Term
|
Definition
Dermatologic GI Hematologic |
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