Term
| which antibiotics are considered bacteriostatic inhibitors of protein synthesis? |
|
Definition
tetracyclines macrolides others: clindamycin, linezolid, telithromycin, chloramphenicol |
|
|
Term
| which drugs are tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
tetracycline doxycycline minocycline |
|
|
Term
| what are the pharmacokinetic differences btwn the tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
tetracycline: short acting, low lipid solubility, 60-80% absorbed, food dec absorption, renally excreted doxycycline and minocycline: long acting, high lipid solubility, 90-100% absorbed, food does not effect, hepatically excreted |
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|
Term
| which tetracyclines can be used topically to fix periodontal disease? |
|
Definition
| doxycycline and minocycline |
|
|
Term
| which tetracycline can be used to treat acne in a topical or oral formulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which antibiotics can form insoluble chelates? |
|
Definition
tetracyclines so you should avoid anything with metals in it |
|
|
Term
| who should not receive tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
| pregnant women and kids < 8 |
|
|
Term
| which tetracycline can accumulate to toxic levels if the kidneys fail? why? |
|
Definition
| tetracycline, bc it is renally excreted |
|
|
Term
| what are the AEs of tetracyclines? |
|
Definition
effects on bone and teeth GI Irritation hepatic and renal toxicity photosensitivity suprainfection -- possible AAPMC |
|
|
Term
| which drugs are macrolides? |
|
Definition
Erythromycin Azithromycin Clarithromycin |
|
|
Term
| which other antibiotic carries a similar spectrum as erythromycin? |
|
Definition
| penicillin G - most gram +, some gram - |
|
|
Term
| why would you use erythromycin? |
|
Definition
for pts with PCN allergies DOC for legionnaires, bordatella pertussis (whooping cough) corynebacterium diphtheria |
|
|
Term
| which 2 antibiotics are considered DOC for chlamydia infection and pneumonia with M. pneumoniae? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 2 out of the 4 forms of erythromycin do we need to remember? |
|
Definition
E. estolate E. ethylsuccinate both have coatings to allow for absorption in the intestines |
|
|
Term
| how is erythromycin metabolized and eliminated? |
|
Definition
CYP3A4 hepatic elimination significant drug interactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GI disturbances thrombophlebitis with IV suprainfection Estolate can cause cholestatic hepatitis QT prolongation and sudden cardiac death if coadministered with certain drugs |
|
|
Term
| why would you use clarithromycin? |
|
Definition
Resp Tract Infs prevention of disseminated mycobacterium avium in pts with HIV H. pylori |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
GI problems may prolong QT interval may inhibit metabolism of some drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
respiratory infections chancroid otitis media disseminated M. avium complex chlamydia |
|
|
Term
| how should you take azithromycin? |
|
Definition
on an empty stomach food reduces absorption by 50% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diarrhea does not inhibit metabolism of other drugs |
|
|
Term
| which macrolide is terribly misused? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the spectrum of clindamycin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
multidrug resistant gram + infections should be reserved for treating VRE and MRSA |
|
|
Term
| which drug should be reserved to only treat VRE and MRSA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What SEs can linezolid cause? |
|
Definition
diarrhea myelosuppression (BM) with prolonged use CBCs should be done weekly |
|
|
Term
| which antibiotic contains phenylalanine and thus should not be used in those with PKU? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antibiotic has significant activity against strains of S. pneumonia that are penicillin and macrolide resistant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which antibiotic is assc with dose dep. anemia and non-dose dep. aplastic anemia which caused a lot of deaths? |
|
Definition
| chloramphenicol (a bacteriostatic) |
|
|
Term
| which antibiotic causes gray baby syndrome? |
|
Definition
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