Term
| what are the 4 types of beta-lactams? |
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Definition
penicillins cephalosporins carbapenems monobactams |
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Term
| what are the SEs of beta-lactams? |
|
Definition
diarrhea fever neutropenia rash seizures thrombocytopenia |
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Term
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Definition
weaken the bacterial cell wall by 1. inhibiting cell wall synthesis 2. binding to PBP 3. Time dependent killers 4. affect gram neg and pos bacteria 5. bacteriocidal |
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Term
| which is the least toxic of all antibiotics? |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the penicillins come in a repository preparation? |
|
Definition
procaine penicillin G benzathine penicillin G |
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Term
| what are the 4 types of penicillins? |
|
Definition
natural penicillins aminopenicillins penicillinase resistant penicillins antipseudomonal penicillins |
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Term
| which groups of penicillins are considered narrow spectrum? |
|
Definition
| natural and penicillinase resistant |
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Term
| which form of penicillin can cause thrombocytopenia? |
|
Definition
antipseudomonal penicillins piperacillin ticarcillin |
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Term
| what are the different kinds of aminopenicillins? |
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Definition
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Term
| which antibiotic is the DOC for listeria? |
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Definition
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Term
| which antibiotic is the DOC for enterococcus, listeria, most URTIs, otits, and dental prophylaxis? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference btwn ampicillin and amoxicillin? |
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Definition
ampicillin is harsher on the stomach but better for listeria amoxicillin penetrates lung tissue better |
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|
Term
| which antibiotic group is the DOC for MSSA? |
|
Definition
penicillinase resistant penicillins nafcillin oxacillin dicloxacillin |
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Term
| which infections do natural penicillins cover? |
|
Definition
| gram +, gram - cocci, most anaerobes and spirochetes |
|
|
Term
| what spectrum is each of the penicillin groups? |
|
Definition
natural - narrow spectrum aminopenicillin - broad spectrum penicillinase resistant - narrow antipseudomonal - extended spectrum |
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|
Term
| what will aminopenicillins cover? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what will penicillinase resistant penicillins cover? |
|
Definition
primarily gram + no anaerobes |
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Term
| what are antipseudomonal penicillins good for? |
|
Definition
IV for pseudomonal infections polymicrobial infections nosocomial infections |
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Term
| which penicillins always are in a combination form? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what is the MOA of cephalosporins? |
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Definition
| binds to PBPs and inhibit formation of the cell wall |
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Term
| what allergy could also cause you to be allergic to cephalosporins? |
|
Definition
penicillin allergies - 10% cross reactivity also resistance to some and can resistance to others resistant to cephs can confer resistance to other beta-lactams |
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Term
| what happens to cephalosporins as you move from the first generation to the 4th? |
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Definition
you get better gram - coverage and lesser gram + you get more CNS penetration |
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|
Term
| how are cephalosporins dosed and what is the exception? |
|
Definition
they are renally dosed ceftriaxone is not |
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|
Term
what is the 1st generation cephalosporin? what is it used to treat? |
|
Definition
cephalexin cellulitis, strept, MSSA, klebsiella, proteus, E. coli |
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|
Term
what are the 2nd generation cephalosporins? what do they treat? |
|
Definition
cefuroxime cefprozil same as gen 1, plus H. flu, neisseria, sinusitis, otitis and CAP |
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|
Term
what are the 3rd generation cephalosporins? what do they treat? |
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Definition
ceftriaxone cefdinir gram neg., meningitis (bc it penetrates the CNS well) and osteomyelitis (bc it penetrates bone well) |
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|
Term
| which antibiotic is the DOC for N. gonorrhea? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
what is the 4th generation cephalosporin? what is it used to treat? |
|
Definition
cefepime same gram negs as 3rd gen, plus pseudomonas |
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|
Term
| cefepime is the DOC for what? |
|
Definition
| febrile neutropenia and pseudomonas |
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|
Term
| what are carbapenems used for? |
|
Definition
they are broad spectrum but they don't cover MRSA, VRE or E. facieum used for sepsis |
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|
Term
| which drugs are carbapenems? |
|
Definition
imipenem doripenem meropenem ertapenem |
|
|
Term
| which carbapenem does not cover pseudomonas? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which drug is a monobactam? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does aztreonam cover? |
|
Definition
IV gram neg only, but not pseudomonas DOC for penicillin allergy gram neg infs |
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|
Term
| which drug is a glycopeptide? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what SE do you have to watch out for with vancomycin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does vancomycin cover? |
|
Definition
all gram + not VRE, but does cover MRSA, and C. difficile (MRSA is becoming vancomycin resistant) |
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