Term
| Antidepressants (mood elevators) |
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Definition
-four groups
* tricyclic(s) (TCAs)
* selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
* atypical antidepressants that affect verious neurotransmitters
* monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
** can mask suicidal tendencies |
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Term
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Definition
* Popular because they do not cause sedation, hypotension, anticholinergic effects, or cardiotoxicity as do many of the TCAs.
* Can cause sexual dysfunction |
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Term
| 3 types of depression are? |
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Definition
*reactive
*major
*bipolar affective disorder(previously referred to as manic depressive) |
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Term
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Definition
* genetic predisposition
* social and environmental factors
* biologic conditions |
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Term
| How is depression characterized? |
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Definition
mood changes
loss of interest in normal activities
** second to hypertension as the most common chronic clinical condition. |
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Term
| Signs of Depression and stats? |
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Definition
loss of interest in most activities
depressed mood
weight gain/loss
insomnia/hypersomnia
loss of energy
fatigue
feelings of despair
decreased ability to think or concentrate
suicidal thoughts
** 2/3 of suicides related to depression
** depressed men, especially older white men are more likely to commit suicide than women
* most common psych problem
* affecting 10-20% of population
* only 1/3 receive meds or help
* women 25-45 are 2 to 3 times more likely to suffer major depression |
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Term
| Tricyclic Antidepressants |
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Definition
Used to treat major depression
Effective and less expensive than SSRIs and other drugs
Imipramine was 1st TCA marketed |
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Term
| Herbal Supplements for depression? |
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Definition
| St. Joh's wort & gingko biloba (mild depression) |
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Term
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Definition
depressive episodes accompanied by feelings of hopelessness & helplessness
* prescribed more than 1 month to 12 months and longer if needed |
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Term
| Lithium (mood-stabilizer) |
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Definition
Used for:
Bipolar affective disorder
(manic depressive illness) |
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Term
Tricyclic Antidepressant(TCAs)
Prototype:Amitriptyline HCI |
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Definition
PO: well absorbed
Onset: 1-3 wk
Peak: 2-6 wk
t 1/2: 10-50 h
Excreted: primarily urine
* contraindications: acute myocardial infarction, taking MAOIs
** caution: severe depression w/ suicidal tendencies, severe kidney/liver disease
narrow angle glaucoma, seizures, prostatic disease
** LAB: Altered ECG readings
*Use: most depressions, bipolar, alcoholism,migraines,anxiety,urinary incontinence
*SE: sedation, drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth/eyes, urinary retention,constipation,weight gain, dizziness, nervousness nausea, anorexia, sexual dysfunction
*Adverse reactions: Orthostatic hypotension, cardiac dysrhytmias,EPS
Mode of Action: Serotonin and norepinephrine increased in nerve cells due to blockage from nerve fibers. |
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Term
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs)
Prototype: Fluoxetine |
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Definition
PO: well absorbed
Onset:2-4 wk
Peak:2-4 wk
t 1/2: 2-3 d
Excreted: primarily urine
* contraindications: AMI, MAOIs
**caution: severe depression w/ suicidal tendencies, severe kidney/liver disease
** LAB: Altered ECG readings
*use: most depressions, bipolar, alcoholism,migraines,anxiety,urinary incontinence
*SE: Headache, nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, tremors, GI distress,sexual dysfunction
*Adverse reactions: Seizures
Mode of action: Seratonin is increased in nerve cells due to blockage from nerve fibers. |
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Term
| Antidepreesant(Mood Stabilizer) Prototype: Lithium |
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Definition
PO: well absorbed
Onset: UK
Peak: 2-4 h
t 1/2: 21-30 h; >36 h w/ renal impairment or elderly
Excreted: 98% urine, mostly unchanged
*May cause sodium depletion
* contraindications: Liver and renal disease, pregnancy, lactation,sever cardiovascular disease, severe dehydration, brain tumor/damage, sodium depletion, children < 12 y
* Caution: Thyroid disease
** LAB:Increase urine and blood glucose,protein; decrease serum sodium level
*Food: Increase sodium intake
*Use: bipolar psychosis, manic episodes
*Mode of Action: Alteration of ion transport to muscle and nerve cells; increased receptor sensitivity to serotonin
*SE: Headache, lethargy, drowsiness, dizziness, tremors, slurred speech, dry mouth, anorexia, vomitting, diarrhea, polyuria, hypotension, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, restlessness
*Adverse Reactions: Urinary incontinence, clonic movements, stupor, azotemia, leukocytosis, nephrotoxicity |
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