Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
longer and more specific effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
long preganglionic neuron, short postganglionic neuron |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1:1 correspondence bt pre and post ganglionic neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
one preganglionic neuron can synapse on 30-40 post gangloionic neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
short pre-gang fiber and long post-ganglionic fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
generalized and widespread response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NT at ganglia ofParasympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NT at effector of parasympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NT at ganglia of sympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NT at effector of sympathetic NS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
rate limiting step of synthesis of NE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
U1 affinity and capacity? |
|
Definition
high affinity, low capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
low affinity, high capacity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
concentrates NE into vesicles in the axon terminal |
|
|
Term
general action of alpha-2 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
contraction of vascular smooth muscle>receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
contraction of pupilary dilator muscle > receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
contracts pilomotor smooth muscle > receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
contracts prostate > receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
increases force of contraction of heart > receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
aggregation of platelets > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
inhibits NT release > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
inhibits lipolysis in fat cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
bronchodilation > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
relaxes uterine muscles > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
vascular smooth muscle relaxation (blood vessels)> receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
potassium uptake in skeletal muscle > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
glycogenolysis in liver > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
activates lipolysis in fat cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
dilates renal blood vessels > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
modulates NT release> receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
decreases intraocular pressure > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
increases intraocular pressure > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
inhibits bronchial glands > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
decreases GI motility > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
indirectly decreases muscle activity > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
contract GI tract sphincters > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
contraction of genitourinary tract > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
relax genitourinary tract > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
increased pancreatic insulin release> receptor? |
|
Definition
beta-2 glucose more important |
|
|
Term
decrease pancreatic insulin release > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
increases renin release > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
decreases renin release > receptor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
cardiac stimulant and vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
therapeutic uses of epinephrine: |
|
Definition
treats allergic reactions, prolongs anesthetics, cardiac arrest, and controls bleeding (vasoconstriction) |
|
|
Term
epinephrine acts on which receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
can epinephrine cross BBB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
affinity of norepinephrine |
|
Definition
does not act on B2 receptors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
vasoconstriction (peripheral resistance) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what does dopamine cause? |
|
Definition
renal vasodilation (lowered peripheral resistance) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta agonist increases heart rate, but dilates skeletal muscle vasculature (systolic inc, diastolic dec) bronchodilation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 selective doesn't cross BBB-no CNS effects constricts vascular muscle (smooth) nasal decongestant and dilates pupil by constricting radial muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta -2 agonist bronchodilator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-2 agonist uterine relaxation (stops premature labor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
activates a-1 and b-2 constricts vessels and increases heart rate: good for cardiac crisis short-acting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive can be peripheral vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive can be peripheral vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive can be peripheral vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist centrally acting antihypertensive can be peripheral vasoconstrictor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist nasal decongestant and eyedrops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-2 agonist nasal decongestant and eyedrops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed agonist (sympathomimetic)
powerful stimulant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed adrenergic
powerful stimulant |
|
|
Term
which amphetamines have CNS side effects? |
|
Definition
methamphetamine and dextroamphetamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed agonist treatment for ADHD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treatment for narcolepsy mixed adrenergic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed agonist (sympathomimetic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed agonist vasoconstriction-nasal decongestant |
|
|
Term
what do you give to treat superficial bleeding? |
|
Definition
alpha-agonists (direct acting) |
|
|
Term
side effect of nasal decongestants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which drug is used for allergic rxns and anaphlactic shock? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what type of drugs are used for appetite suppression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what type of drugs are used for narcolepsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
agonist at which receptor causes pupilary dilation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
agonist at which receptor causes a decrease in production of aqueous humor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
alpha-1 agonist for glaucoma: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
4 alpha-2 agonists for hypertension |
|
Definition
methyldopa, clonidine, guanabenz, guanfacine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
irreversible, long acting alpha-antagonist (lowers blood pressure) used for pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive alpha-antagonist (shorter acting) prevents tissue necrosis by vasodilation treats pheochromocytoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive BPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive BPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1 antagonist vasodilators-antihypertensive BPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
alpha-1A antagonist used for BPH (relaxes prostate muscle) |
|
|
Term
therapeutic uses for alpha-antagonists |
|
Definition
pheochromacytoma hypertension BPH erectile dysfunction |
|
|
Term
do beta antagonists cross BBB |
|
Definition
yes-lipophilic >> CNS side effects |
|
|
Term
beta antagonist effect on renin |
|
Definition
decrease release of renin |
|
|
Term
beta antagonists effect on lipoproteins |
|
Definition
increase VLDL and decrease HDL |
|
|
Term
treatment for stage fright |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta blocker decreases cardiac output CNS depressant bronchoconstriction in asthmatic pts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreases cardiac output (beta blocker) treatment for glaucoma (decrease aqueous humor production) |
|
|
Term
beta blocker that decreases aqueous humor production and treats glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1antagonist angina, hypertension, MI, migraine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
beta-1 antagonist angina, hypertension, MI, migraine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed (beta block and alpha-1 block) antag keeps blood pressure low |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
mixed (beta block and a1 block) antag keeps blood pressure low antioxidant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuron blocker antihypertensive and anti-arrhythmic by inhibiting release of NE at postgang neuron |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuron blocker inhibits uptake pump: destroys vesicle and depletes NT CNS effects: used in psychiatry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevents destruction of catecholamines use in psychiatry
tranylcypromine |
|
|
Term
side effect of MAO inhibitor |
|
Definition
tyramine problem: builds up, causes massive stimulation of sympathetic NS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits NET side effects: convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, arrhythmias, MI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
powerful CNS stimulant more CNS effects tolerance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MAO inhibitor treats depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
choline acetyltransferase >>> catalyzes synthesis of Ach |
|
|
Term
describe a nicotinic receptor |
|
Definition
ion channel gated by binding of Ach. Lets N+ go through when 2 Ach bound >>> depolarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks nicotinic receptors on muscle (skeletal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks nicotinic receptor on neurons |
|
|
Term
activation of M1, M3, and M5 causes what? |
|
Definition
release of Ca++ >>> smooth muscle contraction and secretions |
|
|
Term
activation of M2 and M4 causes what? |
|
Definition
activates K+ channels in heart |
|
|
Term
what kind of receptors are on skeletal muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what kind of receptors are on the adrenal medulla? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what kind of receptors are on sweat glands? |
|
Definition
muscarinic (M3) but sympathetic NS |
|
|
Term
contraction of the pupilary sphincter muscle causes: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
parasympathetic innervation of ciliary sphincter muscle results in: |
|
Definition
contraction >>> accomodation to see close up |
|
|
Term
what kind of muscarinic receptors are on the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
stimulation of M2 receptors on heart results in: |
|
Definition
slowed depolarization, decreased force of contraction |
|
|
Term
innervation of M3 receptors on smooth muscle: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
result of innervation of M3 receptors on endothelium |
|
Definition
NO release and vasodilation |
|
|
Term
effect of Muscarinic agonist on CV system |
|
Definition
vasodilation (NO), decreased heart rate (reflex increased heart rate), |
|
|
Term
effect of muscarinic agonist on GI |
|
Definition
increased activity, secretion, may cause diarrhea and vomiting |
|
|
Term
effect of muscarinic agonist on respiratory system |
|
Definition
bronchoconstriction and increased bronchial secretions |
|
|
Term
effect of muscarinic agonist on skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect of muscarinic agonist on urinary system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect of nicotinic agonist on skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
contraction >>> overstimulation can cause relaxation |
|
|
Term
does Ach and synthetic choline esters cross BBB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diagnosis (not treatment) of asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
glaucoma (drains fluid, releases pressure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
M1/M3 agonist for xerostomia (improve oral health) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
partial nicotinic agonist for smoking cessation reduces withdrawl (bc it competes with nicotine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscarinic agonist for glaucoma, xerostomia,
apply locally to prevent sweating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive AchE inhibitor diagnostic test of myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive AchE inhibitor treats myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
compare onset and DOA for edrophonium and ambenonium |
|
Definition
edrophonium is rapid onset and short ambenonium has a longer duration of action |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myasthenia gravis, alzheimers, and glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate inhibitor of AchE treats myastenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
carbamate inhibitor of AchE insecticide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CNS differences between carbamyl AchE inhibitors |
|
Definition
physostigmine is a tert amine and crosses BBB neostigmine and pyridostigmine don't cross BBB |
|
|
Term
which receptors does cevimeline act on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
irreversible AchE inhibitor insecticide can treat glaucoma |
|
|
Term
does echothiophate enter BBB? |
|
Definition
yes-easily absorbed thru skin and BBB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
physostigmine donepazil galantamine rivastigmine |
|
|
Term
AchE inhibitor effects on eye |
|
Definition
miosis (constriction of pupil) and forced accomodation to near vision |
|
|
Term
AchE inhibitor effect on GI |
|
Definition
increased motility, tone, and secretions |
|
|
Term
effect of AchE inhibitor on skeletal muscle |
|
Definition
loss of contractions/paralysis due to desensitization of nicotinic receptors |
|
|
Term
AchE inhibitor effects on CV system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect of AchE inhibitor on respiratory system |
|
Definition
bronchoconstriction, increased secretions, paralysis of diaphgram due to overstimulation of nicotinic receptors |
|
|
Term
AchE inhibitor effect on CNS |
|
Definition
tremor, anxiety, confusion, convulsions, coma |
|
|
Term
how to combat effects of NM blockers? |
|
Definition
give AchE inhibitor>>>Ach will compete and overcome |
|
|
Term
how do u treat atropine poisoning? |
|
Definition
give AchE inhibitor > Ach will compete with atropine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
competitive muscarinic antagonist -has long DOA |
|
|
Term
out of atropine and scopalomine, which crosses BBB? |
|
Definition
scopalomine>more CNS effects |
|
|
Term
effect on CNS of low dose scopalomine |
|
Definition
CNS depression (amnesia, drowsiness) |
|
|
Term
effect of atropine on eye |
|
Definition
pupilary dilation, pressure buildup |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
effect of atropine (antimuscarinic) on respiratory system: |
|
Definition
bronchodilation, inhibits secretions |
|
|
Term
effect of antimuscarinic on skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what are the bella donna alkaloids? |
|
Definition
atropine and scopalomine >>> antimuscarinics |
|
|
Term
2 antimuscarinics for asthma |
|
Definition
ipratropium and tiotropium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antimuscarinic > decreases GI and pulmonary secretions |
|
|
Term
3 antimuscarinics used to dilate pupils |
|
Definition
homatropine, cyclopentolate, tropicamide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
solifenacin and darifenacin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
antimuscarinic CNS effects > helps prevent motion sickness |
|
|
Term
what do you use to treat AchE inhibitor poisoning? |
|
Definition
atropine (antimuscarinic) |
|
|
Term
3 drugs to treat incontinence |
|
Definition
solifenacin, darifenacin, tolterodine |
|
|
Term
predominant tone in arterioles and veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
predominant tone in sweat glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
do NM blockers cross BBB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5 non-depolarizing antagonists > NM blockers |
|
Definition
a-tubocurare, pancuronium, rocuronium, vecuronium, atracurium |
|
|
Term
2 neuromuscular blockers that trigger release of histamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
non-depolarizing NM blocker with fastest rate of onset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depolarizing NM blocker mechanism is desensitizaion of nicotinic receptors |
|
|
Term
what is used- intubation? |
|
Definition
succinylcholine-fast, short doa |
|
|
Term
what is used for sustained muscular relaxation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
adverse effect of succinylcholine |
|
Definition
electrolyte imbalance in traumatized tissue due to excessive release of K |
|
|
Term
structure of Ca++ channel blocker |
|
Definition
integral membrane glycoprotein; has pore and gate |
|
|
Term
state of calcium channel at resting potential |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
state of calcium channel at depolarization |
|
Definition
flickers between resting and open (prolonged depolarization causes inactivated closed) |
|
|
Term
3 classes of calcium channel blockers |
|
Definition
dihydropyridines, phenylalklamines, benzothiazepines |
|
|
Term
which calcium channel blockers bind to the open conformation of the calcium channel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which calcium channel blockers treat arrhythmia's and prevent heart rate from increasing from exercise (use-dependent) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which CCB binds to and stabilizes the inactivated closed state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2 major effects of slow CCBs |
|
Definition
vasodilation negative chronotropy and inotropy |
|
|
Term
what is unique to dihydropyridines compared to other CCBs? |
|
Definition
they are strong vasodilators, but increase heart contractility (indirectly by reflex sympathetic stimulation) |
|
|
Term
where are the calcium channels that verapmail and diltiazem block? |
|
Definition
smooth muscle in arterioles (vasodilation) and S-A and A-V nodes (negative chronotropy and inotropy) |
|
|
Term
is postural hypotension a problem in CCBs? |
|
Definition
no-only block channels in arteriole smooth muscle to vasodilate |
|
|
Term
if nifedipine is used for angina, what else is needed? |
|
Definition
beta blocker to calm heart |
|
|
Term
treatment for exertional angina |
|
Definition
verapamil, diltiazem, or nifedipine+BB |
|
|
Term
treatment for variant/Prinzmetal's angina |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
last resort to use a calcium channel blocker |
|
|
Term
most useful CCB for treating hypertension alone: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which CCB has selectivity for cerebral vasculature? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which CCB is good for diabetic pts? |
|
Definition
lercanidipine (dilates renal arterioles, prevents nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
which drugs are used for treating SVT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is raynaud's phenomenon and how is it treated? |
|
Definition
vasospasms in fingers when cold treated with dihydropyridines (nifedipine) |
|
|
Term
which CCB produces constipation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
transcription factor that induces synthesis of inflammation proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what do steroids inhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
when there is low ca++ present during inflammation, what is produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
where there is lots of Ca++ present, what is produced? |
|
Definition
leukotrienes by lipoxygenase |
|
|
Term
what does prostacyclin do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what does thromboxane do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
how is prostaglandin produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
defense mechanism during inflammation causes oxidative stress |
|
|
Term
what produces hypochlorous acid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what produces peroxynitrite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits further production of inflammatory proteins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
intermediate acting steroids: |
|
Definition
triamcinolone, prednisone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dexamethasone, betamethasone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
adrenal insufficiency replacement anaphylactic rxns allergies/skin irritations |
|
|
Term
adverse effects of chronic hydrocortisone |
|
Definition
diabetes, more susceptible to infection, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long acting potent inflammatory and allergies shock, cerebral edema n/v with chemotherapy RA asthma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inflammatory and allergic disorders immunosuppressant can cause severe infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
suppression of inflammatory and allergic disorders can cause severe infections and diabetes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be used with methotrexate TNF-alpha blocker |
|
|
Term
methotrexate as treatment for inflammatory disease: |
|
Definition
inhibits folic acid reductase, blocks DNA precursors of TNF-alpha |
|
|
Term
chronis use of TNF-alpha blockers can cause: |
|
Definition
lymphoma, infection, heart failure |
|
|
Term
how is phospholipase 2 activated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what do prostaglandins cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what does leukotrienes cause: |
|
Definition
chemotaxis, lysosomal damage |
|
|
Term
side effect of NSAIDS (related to prostaglandins) |
|
Definition
vasoconstriction> papillary necrosis (renal) |
|
|
Term
how do NSAIDS treat mild to moderate pain |
|
Definition
block formation of prostaglandin, reset nociceptive threshold |
|
|
Term
NSAID's effect on the GI tract |
|
Definition
inhibits mucous > gastric irritation and ulceration |
|
|
Term
NSAIDS effect on body temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lowers acid secretion and increases mucus secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inc renal flow, inc excretion of salt and water |
|
|
Term
PG effect on ductus arteriosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
allergic constriction of airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
decreases water and salt loss, vasoconstriction>renal failure |
|
|
Term
NSAID effect on ductus arterioris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
further bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depression>dizziness, drowsiness, confusion |
|
|
Term
PG effect on colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
NSAID effect on colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is TXA2 activated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
what is PGI2 activated by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
influence of aspirin on clotting: |
|
Definition
irreversibly inhibits COX1 > COXI can't convert Arachidonic acid into TXA2w > and prevents clotting |
|
|
Term
what kind of COX inhibitor is ibuprofen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
therapetuic advanatge to using COX2 inhibitors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reversible COX inhibitor NSAID |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NSAID for ulcerative colitis and RA (produrg) |
|
|
Term
salicylate-induced respiratory toxicity |
|
Definition
respiratory stimulation (from NSAIDS) followed by depression hyperventilation > respiratory alkalosis CNS depression>respiratory acidosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
non-selective COX inhibitor NSAID |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID big risk of GI disturbances |
|
|
Term
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Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID serious toxicities can be used for pericarditis, closure of patent ductus, gout |
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Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID prodrug >>> less side effects |
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Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID systemic use post surgery don't take longer than 5 days (toxicity) renal deficient pts can't take this |
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Definition
nonselective COX inhibitor NSAID |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
antidoite to tylenol toxicity |
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Definition
acetylcysteine: scavenges reactive intermediate |
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