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Pharmacology Exam 1
Intro to Antimicrobial Therapy
48
Pharmacology
Professional
03/15/2010

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Term
The treatment of infectious diseases with specific chemical agents.
Definition
Chemotherapy
Term
Substances produced by microorganisms which suppress the growth of other microorganisms. This term is also commonly used to describe synthetic compounds which are not produced by bacteria which have antibacterial activity.
Definition
Antibiotic
Term
Characteristics of an ideal chemotherapeutic agent.
Definition
1. Selective Toxicity
2. Bactericidal rather than bacteriostatic.
3. Lack of resistance to the drug.
4. Wide spectrum of activity.
-Narrow Spectrum= gram+ or gram-
-Extended Spectrum= gram+ and some gram-
-Broad Spectrum= wide variety of both gram+ and gram-
5. Should not be allergenic or cause serious adverse and toxic side effects
6. Should be able to penetrate the sites of infection
7. Cost Effective
Term
What are specifications of Staph aureus?
Definition
Gram Positive Cocci- inhabit skin and can infect wounds, surgical sites and indwelling catheters. Cause skin infections, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, acute endocarditis, bacteremia.
Term
What are specs of Staph Epidermis?
Definition
Gram Positive Cocci.
Inhabits skin and can infect wounds, surgical sites, and indwelling catheters.
Causes bacteremia, sub-acute endocarditis.
Term
What are specs of Staph saprophyticus?
Definition
Gram+ Cocci.
Urinary Tract Infections.
Term
What are specs of Strept pneumoniae?
Definition
Gram+ cocci.
community aquired pneumonia.
adult bacterial meningitis.
otitis media in children, sinusitis.
Term
What are specs of Strept pyogenes? (Group A Strept)
Definition
Gram+ Cocci.
pharyngitis, otitis media, sinusitis
skin infections, necrotizing fascitis
pneumonia
bacteremia
scarlet fever, post streptococcal acute glomerular nephritis, post streptococcal acute rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease.
Term
What are specs of Strept agalactiae (GBS)?
Definition
Gram+ Cocci
Neonatal Meningitis
Neonatal pneumonia
Term
What are specs of Streptococcus Viridins Group?
Definition
Gram+ Cocci
sub-acute endocarditis
bacteremia
dental caries
Term
What are specs of enterococcus?
Definition
Gram+ Cocci.
Sub acute endocarditis
uti's
bacteremia
Term
What are specs of Cornebacterium diptheriae?
Definition
Gram Positive Bacilli.
pharyngitis
pneumonia
Term
What are specs of Listeria monocytogenes?
Definition
Gram+ bacilli.
neonatal meningitis/meningitis in immunosuppressed patients.
bacteremia.
abortion.
Term
What are specs of bacillus anthracis?
Definition
Gram+ Bacilli.
Cutaneous anthrax
pulmonary anthrax
Term
What are specs of Helicobacter pylori?
Definition
Gram- Rod. Intestinal tract related.
Gastritis
Ulcer
Term
What are specs of Vibrio Cholera?
Definition
Gram- rod. Intestinal tract related.
cholera
diarrhea
Term
What are specs of Escherichia coli?
Definition
Gram- rod. Intestional tract related
diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, inflammatory dissentary
Term
What are specs of Shigella?
Definition
Gram- Rod. Intestinal Tract related.
Acute gastroenteritis.
Term
What are some specs of Salmonella?
Definition
Gram- rod. Intestinal tract related.
enteric/typhoid fever, bacteremia, osteomylitis, acute gastroenteritis.
Term
What are some specs of Campylobacter jejuni?
Definition
Gram- rod. Intestinal tract related.
Enterocolitis diarrhea
Term
What are some specs of Bordatella pertussis?
Definition
Gram- Rod. Respiratory related.
Whooping cough.
Term
What are some specs of Haemophilus influenzae?
Definition
Gram-rod. Respiratory related.
pneumonia, meningitis, sinusitis, otitis media.
Term
What are some specs of klebsiella pneumoniae?
Definition
Gram- rod. Respiratory related.
Pneumonia, uti, bacteremia.
Term
What are some specs of Legionella pneumophila?
Definition
Gram- rod. Respiratory related.
Atypical pneumonia.
Term
What are some specs of pseudomonas aeruginoasa?
Definition
Gram- rod. Infections can occur at any site. Especially in immunocompromised people.
Term
What are some specs of Proteus mirabilis?
Definition
Gram- rod. Urinary tract related.
UTI's.
Term
What are some specs of Enterobacter cloacae?
Definition
Gram- rod. Urinary Tract related.
UTI, opportunistic pneumonia.
Term
What are some specs of Serrati marcescens?
Definition
Gram- rod. Urinary tract related.
UTI, opportunistic pneumonia.
Term
What are some specs of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli?
Definition
Gram- rod. Urinary tract related.
UTI, bacteremia, neonatal meningitis.
Term
What are some specs of Neisseria gonorrhea and Neisseria meningitidis?
Definition
Gram- cocci.

Ng: Sexually transmitted gonorrhea.
Nm: meningitis
Term
What are some specs of Moraxella catarrhalis?
Definition
Gram- cocci.
Otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia.
Term
What are some specs of Bacteroides fragilis?
Definition
Gram negative rod- Anaerobe- intra-abdominal abscesses, peritonitis, female genital tract infections, bacteremia
Term
What are some specs of Clostridium difficile?
Definition
Gram+ rod- Anaerobe- Pseudomonas colitis
Term
What are some specs of Clostridium botulinum?
Definition
Anaerobes- produce toxins responsible for botulism and tenanus.
Term
What are some specs of Clostridium tetani?
Definition
Anaerobe- Produce toxins responsible for botulism and tetanus.
Term
What are some specs of Actinomyces israelii?
Definition
gram+ rod- anaerobe- oral, lung, pelvic actinomycoses
Term
What disease is caused by Chlamydia?
Definition
atypical pneumonia
Term
What disease is caused by Rickettsia?
Definition
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Term
What disease is caused by Mycoplasma?
Definition
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Term
What diseases are caused by Mycobacterium?
Definition
mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium intracellulare.
Term
What disease is caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum?
Definition
Syphilis
Term
What disease is caused by Borrelia Burgdorferi?
Definition
Lyme Disease
Term
Which antibacterials inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell walls?
Definition
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Vancomycin, Bacitracin
Term
Which antibacterial agent alters cell membrane permeability?
Definition
Polymyxin B
Term
Which antibacterial agents inhibit bacterial protein synthesis by effecting function of the 30S ribosomal subunit?
Definition
Aminoglycosides and Tetracyclines
Term
Which antibacterial agents work by inhibiting the synthesis of the 50s ribosomal subunit?
Definition
chloramphenicol, macrolides, quinupristin/dalfopristin, linezolid
Term
Which Antibacterial agents work by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis (specifically- inhibit DNA gyrase)?
Definition
Fluoroquinolones
Term
Which antibacterials work by acting as metabolic analogs that block metabolic steps?
Definition
Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides
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