Term
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Definition
| How a medication interacts with the body to cause its effects |
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Term
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Definition
| How a medication is absorbed, distributed, metabolized(biotransformed) and excreted |
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Term
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Definition
| medication that binds to a receptor and causes it to initiate the expexted response |
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Term
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Definition
| Medication that binds to a receptor but does not cause it to initiate the expected response |
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Term
Agonist-antagonist
(partial agonist)
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Definition
| Medication that binds to a receptor and stimulates some of its effects but blocks others |
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Term
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Definition
One medication binds to a receptor and causes the expected effect while also blocking another m,edication from triggering the same receptor
(surmountable) |
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Term
| Noncompetitive antagonist |
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Definition
the binding of an antagonist causes a deformity of the binding site thar prevents an agonist from fitting and binding
(insurmountable) |
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Term
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Definition
| a competitive antagonist permanently binds to a receptor site |
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Term
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Definition
| binding of a medication or hormone to a target cell receptor that causes the number of receptors to decrease |
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Term
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Definition
| when a medication causes the formation of more receptors than normal |
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Term
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Definition
| concentrated mass of medication |
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Term
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Definition
| the medical or physiological conditions present in a patient that would make it harmful to give a med of otherwise no therapeutic value |
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Term
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Definition
| when a drug is administered in several doses causing an increased effect. this is due to a quantitative build-up of the drug in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
| medication that decreases or lessons a body function or activity |
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Term
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Definition
| physical or physiological dependance on a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| reaction to a substance that is normally more profound than seen in normal population |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual reactio to a drug that is unusually different from that seen in the rest of the population |
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Term
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Definition
| enhancement of ones drug's effects by another |
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Term
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Definition
| patients who do not respond to a drug are refractory to it |
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Term
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Definition
| unavoidable, undesired effects frequently seen even in therapeutic drug doses |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug that enhances or increases a body function |
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Term
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Definition
| combined action of two drugs. the action of the drugs is much stronger than the effects of either drug given seperately |
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Term
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Definition
| desired, intended action of a drug |
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Term
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Definition
| When patients are receiving drug on long term basis. they require larger and larger doses of the drug to get achieve the therapeutic effect |
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Term
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Definition
| side effect that proves harmful to a patient |
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Term
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Definition
| are foriegn sustances placed into the body |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs or any other agent used to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease |
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Term
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Definition
| is the study of drugs and their actions on the body |
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Term
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Definition
| preperations that contain the drug in a solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| drug was extracted chemically with water |
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Term
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Definition
| drugs that the solid does not dissolve in the solvent must be shaken |
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Term
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Definition
| solution of a volatile drug in alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
| suspensions with an oily substance in the solvent; even when well mixed, globules of oil seperate out of the solution |
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Term
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Definition
| alcohol and water solvent often with flavorings added to improve taste |
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Term
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Definition
| sugar, water, and drug solutions |
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Term
| The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 |
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Definition
| improve the quality and labeling of drugs, named the United staes Pharmacopeia as this country's official source for drug information |
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Term
| The Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 |
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Definition
| limited the indiscriminate use of addicting drugs by regulating the importation, manufacturing, sale, and use of opium, cocaine, and their compounds or derivatives |
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Term
| The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 |
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Definition
| empowered the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to enforce and set premarket safety standards for drugs |
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Term
| In 1951 the Durham-Humphrey Amendments to the 1938 act |
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Definition
| required pharmacists to have either a written or verbal prescription from a physician to dispense certain drugs. Also created the category of Over-the-Counter medications |
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Term
| Kefauver Harris Amendment |
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Definition
| added in 1962 required pharmaceutical manufactureers to provide proof of safety and effectivness of their drugs before being granted approval to produce and market the products |
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Term
The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
(also known as theControlled Substance Act)
1970 |
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Definition
most recent major federal legislation affecting drug sales and use. it repealed and replacedthe Harrison Narcotic Act
created 5 schedules of controlled substances, each with its own level of control and record keeping requirements |
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Term
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Definition
chemical messenger that conducts a nervous impulse across a synapse
naturally occuring, and binds to a receptor site and creates physiological response |
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Term
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Definition
force of attraction between a medication and a receptor
tendancy of a drug to combine with a specific drug receptor's site |
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Term
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Definition
a medication's ability to cause the expected response
the power of a drug to produce a therapeutic effect |
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Term
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Definition
| the minimum concentration of a drug necesary to cause the desired response also callled the minimum effective concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| the plasma level at which severe adverse reactions are expected or likely |
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Term
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Definition
ratio of a medication's lethal dose for 50% of the population to its effective dose for 50% of the population
the difference between therapeutic and toxic levels varies from drug to drug the different between these two is its Therapeutic Index |
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Term
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Definition
| the time required for a level of a drug in the blood to be reduced by 50% of its beginning level |
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Term
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Definition
initial dose of a drug given in sufficient amount to achieve a therapeutic plasma level
usually given in a bolus then maintained |
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Term
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Definition
| the dose of a drug necessary to maintain a constant therapeutic plasma level |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of a drug present in the plasma. the peak plasma level refers to the highest concentration produced by a specific dose |
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Term
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Definition
tolerance of a drug that develops after administration of a different drug
tolerance for one agent implies tolerance for others as well |
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Term
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Definition
rapidly occuring tolerance for a drug may occur after single dose
typically occurs w/ sympathetic agonist |
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Term
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Definition
| the effects of one drug alter the response to another drug |
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Term
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Definition
| the effects of one drug block the response to another drug |
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Term
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Definition
also known as the additive effect two drugs given together
1+1=2 |
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Term
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Definition
| the direct biochemical interaction between two drugs; one drug affects the pharmacology of another drug |
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