Term
| Also called APAP. Used for pain and fever. Lacks anti-inflammatory properties. Aften used as an aspirin substitute because it does not cause vomiting, nausea, GI bleeding, or interfere with blood clotting. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major drawback to using acetaminophen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a bran name for acetaminophen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Schizophrenia is a imbalance between what? |
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Definition
| Dopamine and acetylcholine |
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Term
| ___________receives impulses, carries sensations: heat, cold, and pain to muscle positions relayed to ________ |
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Definition
| Thalamus, cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Nerve impulses excite mental alertness, regulate emotions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Responsible for regulations of cardiac and respiratory |
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Definition
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Term
| Coordinates muscle activity |
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Definition
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Term
Chemical substances that carry messages from one neuron to another or to body tissues. Exp: Cardiac or skeletal muscles. Calcium is required for this to be released form synaptic vesicles.
Exp: amines, amino-acids, peptides, acetylcholines, dopamine, norephenphren. |
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Definition
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Term
| protines imbedded in the cell membranes of neurons. In the CNS most are on post-synaptic neurons; a few are on pre-synaptic nerve terminals. |
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Definition
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Term
| receptors increase when there is under-activity at the synapse. |
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Definition
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Term
| What drugs are normally given for mild pain? |
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Definition
acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, allopurinol, colchicine, and sumatrip
(ceiling) |
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Term
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Definition
| adrenocorticotropic hormone that is a prolonged CNS responses caused by slow acting neurotransmitters. |
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Term
| What is the treatment for cancer pain? |
|
Definition
Morphine (opioid s) (non-ceiling)
Schedule II |
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Term
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Definition
| No upper limit to the dossage that can be given to patients who have developed a tolerance to previous dosages. |
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Term
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Definition
| fibers originate mainly in the premotor area of the cerebral cortex and travel to the basal ganglia and brainstem. The fibers in this case do not enter the medullary pyramids and cross over as normally they would thus causing abnormal movements. |
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Term
| what are the symptoms of withdrawal from alcohol and cocaine? |
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Definition
| agitation, anxiety, tremors, sweaty, nausea, tachycardia, fever, hyperflexia, postural hypo-tension, convulsions, delirium. |
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Term
| What two therapeutic uses for CNS stimulants? |
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Definition
ADHD and Narcoleptic
Behavior and attention span |
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Term
| What 2 drugs treat spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis? |
|
Definition
Lioresol (Balofen)
Tizanidine (Zaniflex) |
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Term
| What drug is used to treat Maligmant Hyperthermia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What 2 classes of drugs are used to treat Parkinson's? |
|
Definition
Dopaminergic
Anticholinergic |
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Term
|
Definition
| increases dopamine levels. Exp:Levadopa |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits the action of acetylcholine in the brain. EXP: Atropin |
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Term
| What are the most serious adverse affects of antipsycotic Drugs? |
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Definition
| Extra-pyramidal effects: Dystonia, akathesia, parkinsonism |
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Term
|
Definition
| movements of neck, trunk eyes, tongue, and extremities. |
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Term
|
Definition
| compulsive involuntary restlessness and body movements. |
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Term
|
Definition
| loss of muscle movement, muscular rigidity and tremors, shuffling gait, postural abnormalities, mask like expression and drooling |
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Term
|
Definition
Xanax, Niravam (Benzodiazepine)
antianxiety, sedative-hypnotic
PROTOTYPE: Lorazepam |
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Term
|
Definition
| only gout drug with anti-inflammatory. Not first choice for treatment due to toxic bone marrow. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to treat: OA, RA, Pain, Dysmenorrhea, Fever |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to treat or prevent a gout outbreak. (Zyloprim) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used to treat migraines within 10 min. Acts on selective serotonin in the brain. (Imitrex) |
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Term
|
Definition
| twisting or wormlike movements of the face and tongue |
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Term
| What is the antidote for Benzodiazepines? |
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Definition
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Term
| When released from the synaptic vesicles, molecules fo neurotransmitters cross the synaps to bind to receptors in the cell membrane of the postsynaptic neuron and excite or inhibit post-synaptic neurons. Free neurotransmitter molecules are rapidly removed from the synaps by which of the following sets of mechanisms? |
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Definition
| Transported back into the presynaptic nerve terminal (reuptake)for reuse, diffusion into surrounding body fluids, or destruction by enzymes. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Prototype of analgesic antipoyretic, anti inflammatory. Used to treat Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, propylaxiz of myocardial infarction (MI), transient ischemic attacks (TIA's), and stroke in men, Rheumatic fever. |
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Term
| What is the antidote for anticholinergics? |
|
Definition
| physostigmine; infrequently used because of toxicity. |
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Term
| What are some problems with MAO Inhibitors? |
|
Definition
| Interact with some foods and drugs to produce severe hypertension and possibly a heart attac or stroke. EXP: aged cheese, meats, concentrated yeast extracts, sour kraut, and fave beans. |
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Term
|
Definition
To much ^Sodium =Excreted Lithium
To little sodium =Toxcicity of Lithium
low sodium diet =Toxcicity of Lithium |
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|
Term
| What is the antidote for acetaminophen? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What is the side effects of Morphine? |
|
Definition
| dependency, analgesia; CNS depression ranging from drowsiness to sleep unconsciousness; decreased mental and physical activity; respiratory depression; nausea and vomiting; and pupil constriction. May cause constipation |
|
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Term
| What is the site of action for morphine? |
|
Definition
| Inhibition of the transmission of the pain signals from peripheral tissue to the brain. Decreases emotional upset associated with pain. |
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Term
| What are the side affects of Aspirin NSAID? |
|
Definition
| Gastric irritation, ulceration, and bleeding. Renal impairment. Reye's syndrome in children. Pregnant women should not take risk anemia & fetal risk. |
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Term
| What are the site of action for Aspirin? |
|
Definition
| Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in both CNS and the PNS. Relieves pain bya acting both centrally and peripherally to block the tranmission of pain impulses. To relieve fever, it acts on the hypothalamus to decrease its response to pyrogens and reset the thermostat. |
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|
Term
| What is the antidote for Acetaminophen? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are the side effects of Benzoiazepin, Diazepam (valium)? |
|
Definition
| CNS depression; excessive sedation, ataxia, impairment of physical and mental activities, and respiratory depression. Renal or liver impairments. |
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Term
| What is used for acute intoxication of cocaine, hallucinogens, marijuana, inhalants, alcohol? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the side effects of Chlorpromazine (Thorazine 1st gen) |
|
Definition
| Extrapyramidal effects, high seation, hypo-tension, CNS depression, increase prolactin levels. erectile dysfunction. |
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Term
| What is the antidote for Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)? |
|
Definition
| Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) |
|
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Term
| What are the side effects of Clozapine (Clozaril) (2nd gen)? |
|
Definition
| agranulocytosis, decreased WBC |
|
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Term
| What are the sites of action for Clozapine (Clozaril)(2nd gen)? |
|
Definition
| Blockade of dopamine and serotonin |
|
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Term
| What are the side effects of Imipramine (Trofranil) Tricyclinc TCA's? |
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Definition
| mixed mania, depression, suicidal tendencies, severe renal, hepatic, or cardiovascular disease: narrowing glaucoma, and seizure disorder. |
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Term
| What is the site of action for Imipramine (Trofranil): tricyclinc TCA's? |
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Definition
| Normalize abnormal neurotransmission systems in the brain by altering the amounts of neurotransmitters and the number or sensitivity of receptors. |
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Term
| What is teh antidote for Imipramine (Trofranil) trycyclinc TCA's? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects for Fluoxetine (Prozac)SSRI? |
|
Definition
| GI symptioms, sexual dysfunction. Some degree of CNS stimulation. |
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Term
| What is the site of action for Fluoxetine (Prozac)? |
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Definition
| Normalize abnormabl neurotransmission systems in the brain by altering the amounts of neurotransmitters and number of sensitivity of receptors. |
|
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Term
| What are the side effects of Phenytoin (Dilantin)? |
|
Definition
| Ataxia drowsiness, lethargy, (GI) tract, nausea, and vomiting. Gingival Hyperplasia (overgrowth of gum tissue). Bone marrow depression, mental confusion. |
|
|
Term
| What are the site of action for Phenytoin (Dilantin)? |
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Definition
| Decreasing movement of ions into nerve cells by altering the activity of neurotransmitters (GABA. bind to plasma proteins, enzyme inducer |
|
|
Term
| What is the side effects of Levadopa? |
|
Definition
| Dialate pupils and raise intraocular pressure. May activate malignant melanoma. elevations of blood pressure or hypertensive crisis. |
|
|
Term
| What is the site of action for Levodopa? |
|
Definition
| Increase amount of dopamine in the brain by various mechanisms. Decreases the effects of acetyl-choline. |
|
|
Term
| What are the side affects of Amphetamine? |
|
Definition
| hyperactivity, difficulty concentrating on task,nervousness, restlessness, and sympathetic nervous stimulation. Increased heart rate and blood pressure, pupil dilation, slowed gastrointestinal motility. |
|
|
Term
| What are the sites of action for Amphetamine? |
|
Definition
| Increased amounts of norepinephrine, dopamine, and possibly serotonin in the brain, there by producing mood elevations or euphoria, increasing mental alertness and capicity for works. Decreasing fatigue and drowsiness, and prolonging wakefulness. |
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|
Term
| The central nervous system(CNS),which is composed of he ____ and ____ ____ acts as the control center for regulatin hysial and mental body processes? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ carry messages o the CNS and ____ or motor neurons carry messages away from the CNS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CNS constantly receives information about bloos levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, body temperaure, and sensory stimuli and sends messages o effector organs to adjust the environment towards ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CNS carries out its functions by transmitting ____and ____ signals among components of the CNS and between the CNS and other parts of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The CNS is composed of two types of cells: the ____ is the basic functional unit; the ____ protect, support, and nouris the neuron? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins embedded in the cell membrane of neurons |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microscopic gap that separates neurons in a chain? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical substances that carry messges from oe neuron to another? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are part of the conscious processes of the cerebral cortex? |
|
Definition
| learning, memory, verbalization, voluntar movement |
|
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Term
| The thalamus receives impulses carrying sensationssuch as heat, cold, pain and muscle position sense that produce a crude awareness in the thalamus. These sensations are relayed in the ____ ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____ helpsmaintain homeostasis by constantly adjustin water balance, temperature, hormone levels, blood pressure, and other body functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following hormones initiates uterine contractions to begi labor and delivery and helps release milk from breast lands during breastfeeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When nerve impulses from the hypothalamus excite the vasomotor center, vasomotor tone is increased, and blood pressure is ____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medulla contains groups of neurons that form the vital cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers. If the respiratory center is stimulated, respiratory rateand depth do become ____? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The reticular activating system is a network of neurons that extends from the spinal cord through the medulla and pons to th thalamus and hypothalamus. It receives impulses from all parts of the body, evaluates the significance of the impulses, and decides hich impulses to transmit to the cerebral cortex. It also excites or inhibits motor nerves that control both reflex and voluntary movement. Stimulation of these neurons produce ____, ____, ____? |
|
Definition
| mental alertness, wakefullness, depression. |
|
|
Term
| Many nerve impulses from the limbic system are transmitted through the hypothalamus; this causes physiologic changes in blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, nd hormone secreton to occur in respone to _____? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ____, which is connected with motor centers in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia, coordinates muscle activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Degenerative changesin the sustantia nigra cause dopamin to released in decreased amounts. This process is a factor in the development of _____ disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fibers are called ___ because they do not enter the medullary pyramids and cross over. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An interruptionto the blood supply to the cerebral cortex cases which condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Degeneration in ____ ____ leads to polyneuritis and muscle atrophy, weakness and paralysis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| hiamine deficiency can reduce the use of glucose by nerve cells and can cause degeneration of the myelin sheat. Such degeneration in central neuron leads to a form of brain damage know as? |
|
Definition
| Wernicke-Korskoff encephalopathy |
|
|
Term
| Reflexes(knee jerk, pupillary reflexes) are responses to certain nerve impulses received by the spinal cord. This is called a ____ response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A neurotransmitter-receptor complex may have the following reaction? |
|
Definition
| an excitatory or inhibitry effect on the postsynaptic neuron. |
|
|
Term
| ____is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, with a role in may neuronal circuits (est; at almost 1/3 of CNS synapses) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The rate of serotonin production is controlled by the enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase and the amount of ____ n the diet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pt. has Parkinson's disease. In carin for him and administering meds, the nurse understands his symptoms and his drug regimen as being related to |
|
Definition
| a decrease n the neurotransmiter dopamine |
|
|
Term
| The ____ system uses acetylcholine as its neurotransmitter? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The neurtransmitter sytem most associated with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When caring for a patientwih serious sleep disorders that are linked to an imbalace in nerotransmitters, the nurse knows that this patient is most likely tohave an abnormal level of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A pt. is being admitted to a unit with a diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. The nurse knows that this condition is triggered by a deficiency in ____? |
|
Definition
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