Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nurse must be alert to the fact that a variety of systemic diseases have ophthalmic (pertaining to the eye) findings that are characteristic of the disease or disorder. Examples of these systemic disorders are |
|
Definition
| cquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), coronary vascular disease, muscular and endocrine disorders, and hematologic and neurologic diseases. |
|
|
Term
| The two most common topical anesthetics are |
|
Definition
| proparacaine HCl (Ophthaine, Ophthetic) and tetracaine HCl (Pontocaine). Both medications are administered as drops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of the delicate membrane covering the eyeball and lining the eyelid |
|
|
Term
| ________ and local ____ and ____ are possible side effects of topical ophthalmic antiinfective drugs. |
|
Definition
| Conjunctivitis, local skin and eye irritation |
|
|
Term
| Conjunctivitis is an eye infection that can be ___, ____, or ___ in origin |
|
Definition
| bacterial, viral, or allergic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alleviate discomfort associated with dryness and maintain the integrity of the epithelial surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting from excessive production or diminished outflow of aqueous humor. |
|
|
Term
| The angle of the anterior chamber also determines the type of glaucoma. The angle can be either ___ or ____. |
|
Definition
| open angle (diminished outflow of aqueous humor related to degenerative changes in the trabecular meshwork) or closed angle (triggered by emotions and drugs that dilate pupils). |
|
|
Term
| Antiglaucoma drugs belong to witch categories: |
|
Definition
| cholinergic and anticholinesterase miotics, beta-adrenergic blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, osmotics, and anticholinergics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lower the IOP (inter occular pressure) In open-angle glaucoma, |
|
|
Term
| The two types of miotics differ in their mechanism of action. ____________ which mediate transmission of nerve impulses at all parasympathetic (cholinergic) nerve sites; and ________which inactivate cholinesterase, thereby inhibiting enzymatic destruction of acetylcholine and resulting in pupil constriction and ciliary muscle contraction. |
|
Definition
| (1) direct-acting cholinergics (2) indirect-acting anticholinesterase drugs |
|
|
Term
| Side effects from the use of miotics include |
|
Definition
| headache, eye pain, decreased vision, brow pain, and, less frequently, hyperemia of the conjunctiva. Systemic absorption can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, frequent urination, precipitation of asthmatic attacks, increased salivation, diaphoresis, muscle weakness, and respiratory difficulty. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vertigo, bradycardia, tremors, hypotension, syncope, cardiac dysrhythmias, and seizures. |
|
|
Term
| _____ ______ cures miotic toxicity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| decrease the production of aqueous humor. |
|
|
Term
| Prostaglandin analogues are currently known to be as effective as____ _____ in the treatment of glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors interfere with the production of ___ ____ which leads to decreased aqueous humor formation and decreased IOP. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors contraindicated during the ____ ____ pregnancy and should not be used in persons allergic to sulfonamides. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osmotics are generally used preoperatively and postoperatively to |
|
Definition
| decrease vitreous humor volume |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paralyze the muscles of accommodation |
|
|
Term
| Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a leading cause of _______ ______ in those 65 and over |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two forms of ARMD (Age-related macular degeneration ): |
|
Definition
| (1) “wet,” which progresses quite rapidly, and (2) “dry,” which slowly destroys vision over a period of years. |
|
|
Term
| The vast majority of vision loss from ARMD (85% to 90%) is caused by the ____ form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dry form ARMD description |
|
Definition
| the gradual destruction of light-sensitive cells in the macula leads to a blurred or blind spot in the center of vision in one or both eyes. |
|
|
Term
| Wet macular degeneration is caused by _________ and develops after dry form. |
|
Definition
| blood vessels leaking fluid that collects under the macula |
|
|
Term
| Antihistamine-decongestants are thought to reduce ____ and ____ ____ congestion in acute otits media |
|
Definition
| nasal and middle ear congestion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| loosen and remove impacted cerumen from the ear canal. |
|
|
Term
1. The nurse reviews the client's list of medications, which includes mannitol. The nurse must be aware that which condition is a contraindication for use of this drug?
a. Dehydration
b. Kidney stones
c. Eczema
d. Gout |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. The client is being prepared for an eye examination. When the nurse takes the health history, the client says that she is sensitive to atropine sulfate. What drug might be used instead for the examination?
a. Diclofenac
b. Suprofen
c. Cyclopentolate
d. Betaxolol HCl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. An 85-year-old client is taking acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. A nursing intervention associated with clients receiving this drug is to monitor what?
a. Weight
b. Complete blood count
c. Electrolytes
d. Urine output |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
4. The nurse reviews the African-American client's list of medications. It is important for the nurse to be aware that the prostaglandin analogue more effective in African Americans than in non–African Americans is what?
a. latanoprost
b. bimatoprost
c. unoprostone
d. travoprost |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5. The school nurse is preparing a presentation for the parent-teacher association meeting on medications commonly used in school-aged children. It is important to note what primary disadvantage of the use of combination products such as Cortisporin Otic?
a. School-aged children may need only one drug, not a combination.
b. Combination products may not have the desired dose for school-aged children.
c. There is increased cost in using combination products for school-aged children.
d. Combination products are less effective for school-aged children. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
6. The camp nurse reviews the “shopping list” of supplies needed for the upcoming camping season. What product is recommended to prevent and treat chronic impaction of cerumen?
a. Hydrogen peroxide
b. Rubbing alcohol
c. Charcoal
d. Salt solution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
7. The nurse prepares a health teaching plan for the client with glaucoma. Which important nursing interventions are included for this client? (Select all that apply.)
a. Instruct the client to report changes in vision and breathing.
b. Maintain sterile technique and prevent dropper contamination during administration of eyedrops.
c. Include return demonstration only with geriatric clients.
d. Wait 10 minutes to instill the second eye medication to be given at the same time. |
|
Definition
|
|
