Term
| What is Pharmacodynamics? |
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Definition
The study and measurement of responses of the body to drugs.
What does the drug do to the body? |
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Term
| What is pharmacokinetics? |
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Definition
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs.
What the body does to the drug. |
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Definition
| clinical use of drugs to treat disease |
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Definition
How does the drug work?
Is the manner in which molecular targets (receptors) are affected by the drug.
Example: morphine binds to and activates G protein coupled receptor in the brain. |
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Definition
•Cause the patient to stop taking the drug
There is a difference between side effects and adverse drug reactions. Let’s say you prescribe the same drug to two different patients. The first patient explains to you that this drug causes her to become nauseous unless she takes it with food. The second patient explains that the drug causes constipation so severe that he is unable to go to work. The first is a side effect the second is an adverse drug reaction.
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Term
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Definition
•Medications and health conditions that pose considerable risk
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•Examples:
•Patient is allergic to the drug.
•Prescribing Aspirin to a patient that has an ulcer.
•Prescribing Ibuprofen (Advil) to a patient on aspirin for anticoagulation therapy.
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Definition
•Side effects: Predictable reactions
Some are merely bothersome
Example: There is a difference between side effects and adverse drug reactions. Let’s say you prescribe the same drug to two different patients. The first patient explains to you that this drug causes her to become nauseous unless she takes it with food.
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Term
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Definition
Definition
◦The range of plasma drug concentrations with a high probability of therapeutic success.
Wide therapeutic window
◦Effective concentration is much lower than the lethal concentration.
}Narrow therapeutic window
Effective concentration is close to the lethal concentration.
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Definition
Potency: The concentration at which the drug elicits 50% of its maximal response. |
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Definition
•Elicits a response from tissue.
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Definition
•The drug with the greatest pharmacological effects.
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Definition
•Effects are less than full agonist.
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Definition
•Causes an effect opposite to that of the agonist.
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Definition
•Prevention of activity of an agonist.
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Definition
•Binds at the same site on the receptor.
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Term
| Noncompetetive Antagonist |
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Definition
•Binds at a different site than the agonist.
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Definition
•Can bind at a different site than the agonist, even when the agonist is bound.
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Definition
•Tendency to bind receptors
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Definition
•The ability to initiate a response
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Definition
•Capacity of a single drug-receptor complex to evoke a response
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Definition
Transfer of drug from its site of administration to the blood
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Definition
Transfer of drug from blood to tissues
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Definition
Enzymatic conversion of drugs to more polar compounds
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Definition
Removal of drugs from the body
hepatic and renal |
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Definition
Fraction of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation following administration by any route
•quantity of drug reaching systemic circulation/quantity of drug administered
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iv dose is considered 100 % bioavailable
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Definition
•Time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to be reduced by 50%.
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•Approximately five half-lives are needed for a drug to reach steady state.
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Term
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Definition
a process by which a drug induces more enzymes to be produced by the liver, other drugs will be metabolized faster |
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Definition
•when an enzyme is unavailable for metabolism of one drug because a second drug is being metabolized at the same time
First drug will be metabolized slower
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