Term
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Definition
| requires the use of energey to move a substance |
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Term
|
Definition
| agent that enhances the effects of other drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine |
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Term
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Definition
| force of attrraction between a drug and a receptor |
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Term
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Definition
| drug that binds to a receptor and causes it to initiate the expected response |
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Term
| agonist-antagonist(partial agonist) |
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Definition
| drug that binds to a receptor and stimulates some of its effects but blocks others |
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Term
|
Definition
| the absence of the sensation of pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| medication that relieves the sensation of pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| the absence of all sensations |
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Term
|
Definition
| medication that indices a loss of sensation to touch or pain |
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Term
|
Definition
| drug that binds to a receptor but does not cause it to initiate the expected response |
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Term
|
Definition
| chemical used to diagnose,treat,or prevent disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| the study of drugs and their interactions with the body |
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Term
|
Definition
.chemical name
.generic name
.offical name
.brand name |
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Term
| sources of drug information |
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Definition
>united states pharmacopeia(usp)
>physician's desk reference
>drug infromation
>monthly prescribing reference
>ama drug evaluation |
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Term
| drug laws and regulations |
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Definition
.federal law
.state laws and regulations
.individual agency regulations |
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Term
|
Definition
| test that determines the amount and purity of a given chemical in a preparation in the laboratory |
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Term
|
Definition
| relative therapeutic effectiveness of chemical equivalent drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| test to ascertain a drug's availability in a biological model |
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Term
| six rights of medication administration |
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Definition
| right:medication,dose,time,route,patient,documentation |
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Term
|
Definition
| medication that may deform or kill a fetus |
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Term
|
Definition
| proportion of a drug available in the body to cause either desired or undesired effects |
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Term
|
Definition
| how a drug is absorbed,distributed,metabolized(biotransformed),and excreted; how drugs are transported into and out of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| how a drug interacts with the body to cause its effects |
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Term
carrier-mediated diffusion or facilitated diffusion
two types of active transport |
|
Definition
| process in which carrier proteins transport large molecules across the cell membrane (disguise themselves to enter cell) |
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|
Term
passive transport
three types |
|
Definition
| movement of a substance without the use of energy |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of a solute in a solution from an area higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of a solvent in a solution from a area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
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Term
| sodium-potassium(Na+-K+) pump |
|
Definition
| common example of an active tranport mechanism. this is a protein pump that actively moves potassium ions into a cell and sodium ions out of the cell, this movement goes against the ion's concentration gradients,must use energy |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure |
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Term
| pharmacokinetic processes |
|
Definition
.absorption
.distribution
.biotransformation
.elimination |
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Term
|
Definition
| to become electrically charged or polar |
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Term
|
Definition
| amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| tight junctions of the capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system vasculature through which only non-protein bound ,highly lipid soluble drugs can pass |
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Term
|
Definition
| biochemical barrier at the maternal/fetal interface that restricts certain molecules |
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Term
|
Definition
| the body's breaking down chemicals into different chemicals |
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Term
|
Definition
| special name given to the metabolism of drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
| medication that is not active when administered, but whose biotransformation converts it into active metabolites |
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Term
|
Definition
| the liver's partial or complete inactivation of a drug before it reaches the systemic circulation |
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Term
|
Definition
| the loss of hydrogen atoms or the acceptance of an oxygen atom.this increases the positve charge(or lessens the negative charge)on the molecule |
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Term
|
Definition
| the breakage od a chemical bond by adding water,or by incorprating a hydrol(OH-)group into one frament and a hydrogen ion(H+)into the other |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| delivery of a medication through the gastrointestinal tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| delivery of a medication outside of the gastrointestinal tract, typically using needles to inject medications into the circulatory system or tissues |
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|
Term
enteral routes
five types |
|
Definition
oral(po)
orogastric/nasogastric(og/ng)
sublingual(sl)
buccal
rectal(pr) |
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|
Term
parenteral routes
12 types |
|
Definition
intravenous(iv)/ inhalation/nebulized
endotracheal(et)/ topical
intraosseous(io)/ transdermal
umbilical / nasal
intramuscular(im)/ instillation
subcutaneous(sc,sq,subq)/ intradermal |
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Term
|
Definition
.binding to a receptor site
.changing the physical properties of a cell
.chemically combining with other chemicals
.altering a normal metabilic pathway |
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Term
|
Definition
| specialized protein that combines with a drug resulting in a biochemical effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| a drug's ability to cause the expected response |
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Term
|
Definition
| chemical that participates in complex cascading reactions that eventually cause a drug's desired effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| one drug binds to a receptor and causes the expected effect while also blocking another drug from triggering the same receptor |
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Term
| noncompetitive antagonism |
|
Definition
| the binding of an antagonist causes a deformity of the binging site that prevents an agonist from fitting and binding |
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Term
|
Definition
| a competitive antagonist permanently binds with a receptor site |
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Term
|
Definition
| unintended response to a drug |
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|
Term
| drug-response relationship |
|
Definition
| correlation of different amounts of a drug to clinical response |
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Term
|
Definition
| the time from administration until a medication reaches its minimum effective concentration |
|
|
Term
| minimum effective concentration |
|
Definition
| minimum level of drug needed to cause a given effect |
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Term
|
Definition
| length of time the amount of drug remains above its minimum effective concentration |
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Term
|
Definition
| time from when the drug's level drops below its minimum effective concentration until it is eliminated from the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| ratio of a drug's lethal dose fro 50 percent of the population to its effective dose for 50 percent of the population |
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Term
|
Definition
| time the body takes to clear one half of a drug |
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|
Term
| factors affecting drug-response relationship |
|
Definition
.age .genetics
.body mass .psychology
.sex
.enviroment
.time of admission
.pathology |
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Term
|
Definition
| drug that best demonstrates the class's common properties and illustrates its particular characteristics |
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Term
|
Definition
| anesthesia that combines decreased sensation of pain with amnesia while the patient remains conscious |
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Term
|
Definition
| state of decreased anxiety and inhibitions |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| extrapyramidal symptoms(eps) |
|
Definition
| common side effects of antipsychotic medications,including muscle tremors and parkinsonism-like effects |
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Term
|
Definition
| antipsychotic(literally, affecting the nerves) |
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Term
|
Definition
| the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary actions |
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Term
|
Definition
| groups of autonomic nerve cells located outside the central nervous system |
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Term
|
Definition
| nerve fibers that extend from the central nervous system to the autonomic ganglia |
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Term
|
Definition
| nerve fibers that extend from the autonomic ganglia to the target tissues |
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Term
|
Definition
| space between nerve cells |
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Term
|
Definition
| specialed synapse between a nerve cell and the organ or the tissueit innervates |
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Term
|
Definition
| chemical messenger that conducts a nervous impulse across a synapse |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine |
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Term
|
Definition
| pertaining to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine |
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Term
|
Definition
drug or ither substance that causes effects like those of the parasympathetic nervous system
(also called cholinergic) |
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Term
|
Definition
drug or other substance that blocks or inhibits the actions of the parasympathetis nervous system
(also called anticholinergic |
|
|
Term
| sludge effects of cholinergic medications |
|
Definition
.salivation
.lacrimation.urination.
.defecation
.gastric motility
.emesis |
|
|
Term
| types of parasympathetic acetylcholine receptors |
|
Definition
.muscarinic
.nicotinic
nicotinicn(neuron)
nicotinicm(muscle) |
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|
Term
| effects of atropine overdose |
|
Definition
.hot as hell
.blind as a bat
.dry as a bone
.red as a beet
.mad as a hatter |
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|
Term
| types of sympathetic receptors |
|
Definition
.adrenergic
-alpha1(a1)
-alpha2(a2)
-beta1(b1)
-beta2(b2)
.dopaminergic |
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Term
|
Definition
| drug or other substance that causes effect like those of a sympathetic nervous system(also called adrenergic) |
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Term
|
Definition
| drug or other substance that blocks the actions of the sympathetic nervous system(also called antiadrenergic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
.natural
epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine
.synthetic
isoproterenol/dobutamine |
|
|
Term
high abuse potential;may lead to severe dependance;no accepted medical indications;used for research,analysis, or instruction only
examples: herion,lsd,mescaline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
high abuse potential;may lead to sever dependance;accepted medical indications
examples:opium,cocaine,morphine,codeine,oxycodone,methone,secobarbital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
less abuse potential than a schedule 1 or 2;may lead to moderate or low physical dependance or high psychological dependance;accepted medical indications
examples limited opiod amounts or combined with non controlled substances |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
low abuse potential compared to scheduled 3;linited psychological and /or physical dependance;accepted medical indications
examples:diazepam,lorazepam,phenobarbital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
lower abuse potential compared to scheduled4;may lead to limited physical or psychological dependance;accepted medical indications
example:limited amounts of opiods,often for cough or diarrhea |
|
Definition
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