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Definition
| indole alkaloid antipsychotic and antihypertensive drug that has been used for the control of high blood pressure and for the relief of psychotic behaviors. Indirect sympatholytic. |
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Definition
| natural belladonna alkaloid. It is pharmacologically and structurally similar to atropine. However, it exerts more CNS action than does atropine, especially drowsiness and amnesia. The amnestic effects of atropine and scopolamine suggest a role for Ach in memory. It can cross the BBB. |
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Definition
| alkaloid. Antagonist of the nicotinic neuromuscular acetylecholine receptors that is used to paralyze patients undergoing anesthesia. |
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Definition
| sympatholytic drug used to treat high blood pressure. It is a alpha adrenergic blocker. Reversible alpha antagonist. Tertiary drug for treating hypertension. It's used only if other stuff doesn't work first. It's also good for getting drug down quickly. |
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Definition
| non selective beta blocker mainly used in the treatment of hypertension. Blocks the action of epinephrine on both beta one and beta two adrenergic receptors. Has a half life of about 3-6 hours. |
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Definition
| parasympathomimetic, reversible cholinesterase inhibitor alkaloid. Interferes with the metabolism of acetylcholine and stimulates nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscarinic alkaloid. Non selective muscarnic receptor agonist in the parasympathetic nervous system. Direct stimulation of the muscarinic receptors in the eye to constrict the pupils. Can also cause contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the sphincter. |
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Definition
| irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors. These are often used as pesticides. An overdose of these will produce excessive muscarinic parasympathetic stimulation. |
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Definition
| alpha one adrenergic receptor agonist used as a decongestant, as an agent to dilate the pupil, and to elevate blood pressure. |
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Definition
| irreversible alpha antagonist; direct sympatholytics. |
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Definition
| parasympathomimetic, reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. It interferes with the breakdown of acetylcholine and indirectly stimulates nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. |
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Definition
| is released from nerve endings to stimulate alpha and beta receptors. Under stress, epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla. Increases heart rate, contractility, causes bronchodilation. |
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Term
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Definition
| metoprolol is a selective beta one receptor used in treatment of several diseases of the cardiovascular system, especially hypertension. It has cardioselectivity, whereas propanolol doesn't. |
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Term
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Definition
| mimics the actions of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| cardioselective beta receptor blocker with a very short duration of action. Super short acting beta blocker, with a half life of 10 minutes. |
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Definition
| prototype organophosphate insecticide. Because mammals detoxify malathion readily, it is much less toxic to higher animals than to insects. However, humans exposed to large amounts can suffer intoxication as with any organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. |
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Term
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Definition
| readily reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Prevents breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylecholine and acts by inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular junction. |
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Term
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Definition
| ncreases the fight or flight responses in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. Its actions are mediated through adrenergic receptors. Epinephrine is a non-selective agonist of all adrenergic receptors. |
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Definition
| is a natural plant alkaloid that acts mainly indirectly to relax bronchial muscle, produce vasoconstriction of vessels in the nasal mucosa, and to elevate blood pressure. It is usually given orally. It can penetrate into the brain and produce amphetamine like arousal and CNS stimulation. It can also act directly on beta 2 receptors. |
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Term
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Definition
| sympathomimetic drug used in the treatment of heart failure and cardiogenic shock. Stimulates beta one receptors. It is also used as a short-term treatment of adults with cardiac decompensation due to depressed myocardial contractility. Can put the heart at risk for degeneration/break down of cardiac myocytes. |
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Definition
| neurotransmitter. Activates five types of dopamine receptors. Acts on the sympathetic nervous system to increase heart rate and blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| elective alpha 2 receptor agonist used primarily as an antihypertensive drug. It acts at presynaptic receptors to inhibit release of neural norepinephrine. It is administered orally. Acts on alpha 2 receptors in the CNS resulting in decreased sympathetic outflow to the heart and blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into nerve terminals. It has an amphetamine like effect, but is more intense and shorter acting. May cause excessive sympathetic tone. Can cause hypertension, tachycardia. Topical cocaine has been used for certain nasopharyngeal surgery cases because it decreases mucosal blood flow and produces an anesthetic effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the prototype muscarinic receptor antagonist. It is obtained from belladonna plants and is found in Jimson weed. It is a tertiary amine and can penetrate into the CNS. It blocks all three subtypes of muscarinic receptors. Basically, it inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system so that sympathetic nervous system activities can persist. |
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Term
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Definition
| parasympathomimetic choline ester that selectively stimulates muscarinic receptors without any effect on nicotinic receptors. It is a direct acting cholinergic drug. This muscarinic receptor stimulator stimulates the bladder detrusor muscle and relaxes the sphincter. |
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Term
| A 6 year old child is brought to the ER after possibly ingesting some insecticide stored in the garage. She has small pupils, a slow heart rate, wheezing, and excessive tearing and salivation. The most likely toxidrome represented by this case is: |
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Definition
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Term
| A 21 y.o. presents to the ER very agitated and sweating. He has an elevated heart rate and temperature. His bowel sounds are present on physical exam. The most likely toxidrome represented by this cases is: |
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Definition
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Term
| A previously well 15 year old male is brought to the ER with confusion, an increased heart rate, dry mucous membranes, and warm & dry skin. His bowel sounds are hypoactive. The most likely toxidrome represented by this case is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Toxidrome - SYMPATHOMIMETIC |
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Definition
Symptoms - Tachycardia, hypertension, hyperthermia, agitation (occasional psychosis),
seizures, diaphoresis, bowel sounds
often present (help to exclude
anticholinergic syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
Epi, NE, DA, amphetamines, cocaine, MAOIs, yohimbine,
phenylpropanolamine,
ephedrine, pseudoephedrine,
(caffeine, theophylline, PCP, LSD,
may be similar) |
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Term
| Toxidrome - Anticholinergic |
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Definition
“Red as a beet, Dry as a bone, Mad as a hatter, Hot as stone, Blind as a bat;
Bowel and Bladder lose their tone, the
Heart runs alone” |
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Term
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Definition
Belladonna alkaloids [atropine,
scopolamine, hyoscyamine in deadly nightshade (B. atropa) & jimsonweed(Datura stramonium)], cyclic antidepressants,
antihistamines,
phenothiazines, some
mushrooms |
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Term
| Toxidrome - cholinergic muscarinic |
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Definition
Symptoms - DUMBELS: Defecation, Urination,
Miosis, Bradycardia, Bronchorrhea,
Bronchospasm, Emesis, Lacrimation,
Salivation/seizures |
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Term
| Cholinergic muscarinic toxins |
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Definition
| Organophosphate insecticides & “nerve gas,” carbamates, some mushrooms, pilocarpine, physostigmine, methacholine. |
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Term
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Definition
CNS depression, miosis, hypoventilation,
hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
Diarrhea, mydriasis, yawning,
piloerection, tachycardia, hypertension,
fever : a sympathomimetic state |
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Term
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Definition
| flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. Good for patients who become really drowsy after benzodiazepines; competitively inhibits the benzodiazepine binding site on GABA. |
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Term
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Definition
| a drug used to counter the effects of opioid overdose, for example morphine or heroin. It's useful to counteract life-threatening depression of the CNS and respiratory system. |
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Definition
| used in management of tylenol overdose. Given via IV when a patient takes too much acetaminophen. This is because the body's glutathione reserves are not sufficient to inactivate the toxins released by excess tylenol. |
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