Term
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Definition
sustained contraction
(abnormal posture, opisthotonos, absense of respirations, becomes cyanotic) |
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Term
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Definition
intermittent
(rapid rhythmic & symmetric jerking) |
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Term
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Definition
| Breif episode of abnormal electrical activity in nerve cells of the brain with or without visble changes in behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Toni-clonic type of seizure in which there are spasmodic contractions of involuntary muscles. |
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Term
| Other names for antiseizure drugs |
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Definition
| antiepileptic or anticonvulsant |
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Term
| SEIZURES AS SINGLE EVENTS |
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Definition
Occur in repsonse to:
Hypoglycemia, Fever, Electrolyte imbalances, Overdoses to drugs(Amphetamines, Cocaine, Isoniazid, Lidocaine, Lithium, Methylphenidate, Antipsychotic, Theophylline), Alcohol or drug withdrawal. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seizures that are recurrent or chronic due to abnormal excessive electrical discharges of nerve cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal Brain Waves (Electroencephalogram) & Clinical signs/symptoms |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| SECONDARY CAUSE of seizure |
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Definition
| Developmental defects, metabolic defects, or birth injury. Fever is common cause in late infancy & early childhood. |
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Term
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Definition
-begin in specific area of brain as a localized brain lesion (tumor, stroke, birth injury, or trauma)
-simple motor and sensory to abnormal movements/bizarre behavior
-automatic, repetitive, & inappropriate (chewing, swallowing, etc.)
-Misdiagnosed as psychotic or schitzo
-Consciousness not altered but can be decreased |
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Term
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Definition
-Bilateral & symmetral
-no point of origin in brain
-TYPES: Tonic Phase, Clonic Phase, Aura, Febrile Seizure, Absence Seizure, Myoclonic, Akinetic, Mixed |
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Term
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Definition
LIFE THREATENING!!!
-generalized tonic / clonic convulsions
-Last several minutes, close intervals in which consciousness is not regained
-with hypotension, hypoxemia, & cardiac dysrhythmias
-risk for permanent brain damage
CAUSES:
D/C AED's
Brain tumors
Brain trauma
CNS infections
Alcohol withdrawal
drug overdoses
Eclampsia |
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Term
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Definition
| breif warning of oncoming seizure. Can be a light, smell , or sound |
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Term
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Definition
| most common in children. (tonic-clonic seizures that occur with fever) |
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Term
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Definition
| brief abrupt alterations in consciousness. (blank look, staring expression, blinking twitching, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
| contraction of a muscle group |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| CHALLENGES TO AED'S (antiepileptic drugs) |
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Definition
-drugs not a cure
-monotherapy vs combo drug
-takes time to obtain right blend, trial and error
-social stigma |
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Term
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Definition
| phenytoin, carbamazepin, ethosuximide, phenobarital, valproate |
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Term
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Definition
| gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine, topiramate, zonisamide |
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Term
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Definition
Goal: make cells less excitable
1. CHANNEL BLOCKERS (decrease ion movement into nerve cell by blocking Na & Ca needed to promote impulses therefore decreasing response to stimuli)
2. INCREASE GABA (inhibits stimulation)
3. DECREASE GLUTAMATE (excitatory neurotransmitter)
THEREBY EFFECTIVELY INCREASING THE SEIZURE THRESHOLD. (your gonna need a higher level of stimulus to create a seizure) |
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Term
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Definition
| Epilepsy Bipolar Chronic Neuropathic pain Trigeminal Neuralgia (is a nerve disorder that causes a stabbing or electric-shock-like pain in parts of the face) |
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Term
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Definition
-must have ability to breakdown, look out for hepatic/renal impairment.
-look out for CNS depression
-Hypersensitivity - skin rash
-sinus bradycardia or heart block
-bone marrow supression |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to treat epilepsy in pregnant women |
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