Term
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Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
Blocks Ca Channel on VSM of arteries (dilates peripheral arteries- lower pressure; dilates coronary arteries- increased perfusion)
Blocks Ca channels in heart- decreased HR, contraction
Indirect effect- no net change in HR if no underlying cardiac problems
Large First-pass
metabolized in liver
For angina, HT, dysrhythmias, migraine
ADR's- Constipation (most common), cardiac effects (w/ predisposing factors) |
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Term
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Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker
Similar to Verapamil, but less potent effects on heart
liver metabolism
ADRs- similar to verapamil, but less |
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Term
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Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker- dihydropyridine
Blocks Ca channels in arterial VSM - activates baroreceptor reflex
Lowers BP and increases HR
liver metabolism
Uses- Angina & HT
ADR's- Edema (almost all get @ first), tachycardia, may have negative ionotropic effect |
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Term
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Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker- dihydropyridine
Not for HT or angina
Used to prevent cerebral arterial spasm after subarachnoid bleeds |
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Term
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Definition
Calcium Channel Blocker- dihydropyridine
IV only |
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Term
| What 3 categories of drugs have been proven to decrease premature death from HT? |
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Definition
| Diuretics, B blockers, ACEI |
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Term
| What is the goal blood pressure for patient's with HT? |
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Definition
| 140/90 for most; 130/80 for those with kidney disease and DM |
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Term
| What is the first-line drug of choice for HT? |
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Definition
| low-dose diuretic (usu thiazide) |
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Term
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Definition
For HT
direct renin inhibitor (inhibits RAAS system)
no increase in bradykinin |
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Term
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Definition
| K sparing Diuretic, can be used for HF |
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Term
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Definition
Drug for HF
MOA- blocks sodium-potassium ATPase pump -> keeps more Ca in cell (inhibits Ca outflow during repolarization) --> more contraction --> positive inotropy
Decreases sympathetic tone
Increased urine production
Passes BBB, placenta, BM
kidney excretion
Long half-life, may need loading dose
Use caution in pts with hypokalemia (predispose to cardiac toxicity) and heart disease
ADR's- cardiac (pulse <55-60 and different rhythm), GI, CNS effects, visual disturbances |
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Term
| Do you treat pts who are just at risk for HF but have no heart disease or symptoms? |
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Definition
| You can treat them with lifestyle changes and possibly ACEI |
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Term
| What is the order of electrical conduction in heart? |
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Definition
| SA node- AV node - His-purkinje system |
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Term
| What are two types of major dysrhythmias and which is more dangerous? |
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Definition
| Supraventricular, ventricular (more dangerous) |
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Term
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Definition
Used for supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmas
also anticholinergic
Hepatic metabolism
Two types- Sulfate, Gluconate ("sustained release")
ADR- Diarrhea, Cinchonism (tinnitus, HA, N, etc), Cardiotoxiticy, Hypotension, hypersensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
Used for dysrhythmias
Similar to quinidine, but less anticholinergic
Hepatic metabolism, renal excretion
ADR- SLE (common), blood dyscrasias (decreased platelets and WBC, rare), Cardiotoxicity, GI, hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
For Ventricular dysrhythmias, esp after MI and ones due to digoxin
IV/IM
CNS effects, not very pro-dysrhythmic |
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Term
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Definition
For dysrhymias
Cardiac effects similar to lidocaine
Must raise dose slowly (may saturate liver enzymes)
ADR- hyptotension, phlebitis, not very pro-dysrhythmic, nystagmus, sedation |
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Term
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Definition
For dysrhythmias
Derivative of lidocaine
used if pt unresponsive to other agents
ADR- GI, neurologic (tremor, convulsions,etc)
Not pro-dysrythmic |
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Term
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Definition
For dysrhythmias
derivative of lidocaine, orally bioavailable
Only used when pt unresponsive to other agents
ADR- blood dyscrasias (agranulo), pulmonary fibrosis, not particular pro-dysrhytmic |
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