Term
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Definition
increase blood concentration of calcium
works with parathyroid hormone
facilitates absorption of calcium from small intestines
enhances fluxes of calcium from bone
source: fat soluble vitamin (calciferol)
ergocalciferol (food), cholecalciferol (exposure of skin sunlight) |
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Term
hypocalcemia
drug therapy |
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Definition
PO: calcium carbonate (tums), calcium citrate (Citracal)-better absorption, ergocalciferol (Calciferol-Vit D)
calcium gluconate (IV) or calcitiol (Rocaltrol) po, IV
SE: PO: gi upset, absorption impaired with bran cereal
IV (ca gluconate): cardiac arrest (give slowly)
assess serum calcium level 8.5-11.5 mg/dl
Chvostek's sign
ed: vit D (po) with meals
do not give with other drugs |
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Term
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Definition
salmon calcitonin (Miacalcin)
decrease calcium level-inhibits bone reabsorption, decrease osteoclast action, and alters absorption of calcium by body (increase renal excretion)
-relieves bone pain
-Paget's
IM, subq, nasal spray
SE: flushing, tingling sensation in hands, feet N/V
assessment: skin testing, dietary baseline, EKG inverted T wave
administer at bedtime |
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Term
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Definition
decrease activity of osteoclasts
Prototype: alendronate (Fosamax) daily
ibandronate (Boniva) monthly
Paget's, osteoporosis
PO
SE: gi upset, muscle pain
caution renal impairment, baseline bone (DEXA), calcium, alkaline phosphatase
ED: first thing 30 minutes before meal, with water only, encourage exercise |
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Term
Hormones from adrenal gland |
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Definition
SNS stimulate-epinephrine and norepinephrine (catecholamine)
elevate BP
disorder: pheochromocytoma (tumor)
CRH-corticotropin releasing hormone (hypothalamus) to
ACTH-sdrenocorticotropic hormone (pituitary) to
adrenal cortex---
mineral corticoids
glucocorticoids
sex hormones |
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Term
Mineralcorticoids
(Aldosterone) |
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Definition
maintain BP, water and salt balance
-fluid and electrolyte balance, renin-angiotensin
Action: renal tubules affecting tubular reabsorption increases Na and Cl reabsorption and increased loss K and hydrogen ions
where salt goes water goes
aldosterone decrease: kidney unable to retain sodium- blood volume and BP fall (addison's)
-used wtih salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome and Addison's
-Prototype: fludrocortisone acetate (Florinef)-replaces aldosterone PO daily
SE: edema, hypervolemia, hypertension, cardiac enlargement
NUrsing: baseline vitals, monitor electrolytes
control salt intake
wear bracelet |
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Term
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Definition
Androgens (testosterone)
-synthetic anabolic steroids
Estrogen (Estradiol)
-syn: diethylstilbestrol (DES)
-steroids- oral contraceptives, hormone replacement, painful or abnormal bleeding
-antogonize: parathyroid-keep bones healthy
Progesterone (Progestin)-keeps pregnancy going
-steroid
-uterine bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
-inhibits inflammatory response: local edema, signs of inflammation, helps prevent scar tissue formation
-antiallergic action:interferes with histamine release
-antistress-salt and water retained, increased responses of heart, vessels to catecholamine
CHO metabolism: increased gluconeogensis, decrease utilization of glucose in cells, increase glucose storage as glycogen
Protein: catabolism-poor wound healing, muscle wasting, scanty hair growth
Lipid: lipolysis; triglycerides to fatty acids. fat distribution changes from extremities to central region
GI: increase gastric acid
Brain: increase excitability |
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Term
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Definition
deficiency of adrenal corticosteroid
weak heart action, bronzing of skin, inability to withstand stress (adrenal crisis) |
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Term
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Definition
overproduction of adrenal corticosteroids
-obesity, moon face, buffalo hump, osteoporosis, poor wound healing |
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Term
Glucocorticosteroid therapy |
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Definition
therapeutics:
-replacement therapy (addison's)
other
-anti-inflammatory: arthritis, colitis, respiratory, GI, skin
-allergic conditions:asthma
-tumors
-brain injury: prevent damage
-organ transplant: immunosuppressant |
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Term
Glucocorticoid drug therapy |
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Definition
Prototype: prednisone (Deltasone)
-supress inflammation (cell mediated)
SE: nausea, increase appetite, headache, depression
adverse: high dose or prolong use-blood sugar, muscle wasting, water retention
prototypes:
Long-acting: 48 hrs betamethasone (Celestone) oral, IM
dexamethsone sodium (Decadron) oral, IV, IM
Intermediate: 24-48 hrs methyprednisolone (Solu-medrol) IM, IV
prednisone (Deltasone) oral
Short-acting: 12 hrs hydrocortisone (Cortef) oral, IM
sodium phosphate: parenteral
acetate; injection into joints
all routes, degradation by liver, excreted by kidney. Local application preferred |
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