Term
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Definition
-primarily used to treat skin infections/conditions
-goal-good penetration and retention |
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Term
|
Definition
-physiochemical properties of the drug
-condition of the skin
-characterisitics of the base |
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Term
|
Definition
-epidermis
-dermis
-subcutaneous fat
-function is to protect against water loss, UV penetration, microorganisms, and penetration of external agents |
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Term
|
Definition
-primary barrier to skin
-over epidermis
-dead epidermal cells, partially desiccated
-40% protein, 40% water, lipids
-contains an emulsifed mixture on surface containing seat, sebum, and epidermal cells
-acts as semi-permeable membrane for drug passage
-passive diffusion for small molecules |
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|
Term
| drug effects on skin surface |
|
Definition
-cleansing,surface microbes, protective
-sunscreen, zinc oxide, soaps |
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Term
| drug effects within stratum corneum |
|
Definition
-moisturizing, softening of skin
-keratolytic agents-sluffing (shedding) of cells (salicyclic acid for psoriasis)
-can serve as a reservoir for drugs |
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Term
|
Definition
-transdermal patches
-nicotene, estradiol |
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|
Term
| rate of drug penetration through stratum corneum |
|
Definition
-drug concentration
-aqueous solubility
-o/w coefficient (skin/product)
-passes easily through epidermis and dermis for systemic absorption
-topically applied drugs not easily measured
-passive diffusion for small molecules |
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|
Term
| dm/dt (rate of drug passing through the skin) (flux) |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| concentration of drug in the donor solution/ointment |
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Term
|
Definition
| partition coefficient (how well moves through barrier) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lag in drug release profile due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| emolliency and occlusive effect |
|
Definition
-dependent upon base (paste>oleaginous>hydrophilics)
-occlusive dressing |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-hydrophilic ointment with saran wrap
-prevents water loss, increases hydration of stratum corneum
-increase passage of drug through skin |
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Term
|
Definition
| removing skin layer with adhesive tape |
|
|
Term
| diffusion cell (Franz cell) |
|
Definition
-skin or membrane barrier
-donor (drug) with receiver compartments (skin)
-measure rate and extent of drug passage
-animal studies (Rabbit>rat>swine>man) |
|
|
Term
| increases in drug absorption |
|
Definition
| -occlusive dressing-increase temp, swelling of horny layer, drug can pass easily between cells |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-direct effect on skin
-*hydrates or disrupts lipoprotein matrix (surfactants/solvents) |
|
|
Term
| primary sites of application and absorption of opthalmic |
|
Definition
| -cornea and conjunctival sac |
|
|
Term
| ophthalmic prep absorption limited to |
|
Definition
-time on cornea (tearing)
-small SA
-natural barrier to absorption |
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|
Term
|
Definition
-better retained then drops
-cleared 0.5% per minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| desirable qualities for ophthalmic ointment bases |
|
Definition
-non-irritating
-able to diffuse readily out of ointment
-softening point at body temp |
|
|
Term
| common ophthalmic ointment bases |
|
Definition
-white petrolatum
-liquid pet (mineral oil)
-lanolin
-gels: PEG and mineral oil |
|
|
Term
| ophthalmic ointment requirements |
|
Definition
-*sterility
-add antimicrobial preservative (parabens, benzakonium chloride) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cannot penetrate ointment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dictated by USP
-collapsible tubes with long tip |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-hold tip near eyelid without touching eye
-patient's head tilted back
-hold eye lid away from eye
-apply between eyelid and eyeball
-apply 1/4 to 1/2 inch ribbon?
-patient to close eye
-apply at night |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-primarily for localized effects
-mucous membranes and tissues
-systemic absorption through tissues
-ex. IMITREX, NICOTROL, FLUMIST |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-astringents
-protectants
-anesthetics
-anti-inflammatory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-PEG,emulsion creams, white petrolatum
-antimicrobial preservatives needed |
|
|
Term
| rectal oleaginous bases may |
|
Definition
-stain clothing
-have applicator tip |
|
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Term
|
Definition
-creams,ointments,gels
-for local use
-antimicrobial testing
-tubes with applicator
-reccommended for night
-creams over oleaginous
-adjusted pH to prevent irritation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| -infections, endometrial atrophy, contraception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -inflammation and pain of hemorrhoids |
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