Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Pharmaceutics
Note Cards for Pharmaceutics Exam 1
34
Pharmacology
Graduate
09/11/2014

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Intermolecular Forces General Characteristics
Definition
Weak, Temperature dependent, concentration dependent, intermolecular, reversible
Term
Intermolecular Forces Active Role In Drug Physical Chemistry
Definition
distribution between immiscible phases, heat of fusion, heat of vaporization, melting point, boiling point, polymorphism, solubility, interfacial phenomena
Term
Deposition
Definition
From gas to solid
Term
Crystal Properties
Definition
Definite, exact melting points, locked together by imf
Term
Inorganic Crystals
Definition
Hard and brittle with high melting points
ionic bonds
Term
Organic Crystals
Definition
vanderwaals forces and H-bonds
Soft, with low melting points
Term
Polymorphs
Definition
different crystalline forms of the same substance. organic or inorganic. May have different MP, solubility, and therapeutic responses
Term
Amorphous forms (solid-state)
Definition
non-crystalline powders, do not have sharp melting points. amorphous form sometimes preferred over crystalline form of the drug
Term
Solid State Solvates
Definition
occur during crystallization when some chemicals trap a fixed ratio of solvent molecules in the crystalline (solid state)
*If the solvent is water, it is a hydrate
Term
Solid-State Polymers
Definition
large molecules made of repeating units connected by covalent bonds PEGS can be solids or liquids
Term
Vapor PRessure
Definition
inversely proportional to MW
Term
Lyophilizers
Definition
freeze-drying apparatus, sucks all the air out of the chamber with a vacuum
Term
Phase Rule
Definition
F=C-P+2
F= number of independent variables
C = # components
P = Number of Phases
Term
Eutectic point
Definition
when two different substances, crystals, amorphous solids, together and you get the sweet spot where everything starts
Term
Work
Definition
Transfer of energy to change the surrounding
Term
Extensive Property
Definition
Proportional to amount, mass, volume, enthalpy, gibbs free enrgy, entropy etc
Term
Intensive property
Definition
independent of amount: density, temperature, surface tension, mp, bp
Term
First Law Thermodynamics
Definition
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be transformed
Term
Second Law Thermodynamics
Definition
Systems have the tendency of increasing entropy, maximizing probabilites
Term
Third Law Thermodynamics
Definition
The entropy of a pure perfect crystal substance is zero at absolute zero (0k)
Term
Solutions
Definition
Homogeneous Molecular dispersions with particle size <10A they are a mixture of two or more components that form a single phase
Term
Colloidal Dispersions
Definition
Homogeneous or heterogeneous dispersions with particles size ranging from 10 to 5000 A heterogeneous colloids may undergo phase seperation
Term
Coarse dispersions
Definition
hetergoenous dispersion with particle size >5000A eg supsensions and emulsions
Term
Colligative Properties
Definition
In chemistry, colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend upon the ratio of the number of solute particles to the number of solvent molecules in a solution, and not on the type of chemical species present.
Term
Vapor Pressure Lowering
Definition
When a nonvolatile solid is dissolved in a liquid the vapor pressure of the solvent is lowered
Term
Osmotic pressure
Definition
pressure difference btwn a pure solvent and a solution separated by a semipermeable membrane that allows the passage of the solvent
Term
Osmotic Pressure eqn
Definition
pi = R x T x m
\ pi is osmotic pressure in atm
R = 0.082
T = Absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin
m = solute molality
Term
Osmotic Pressure *
Definition
Independent of size or identity of the solute
Term
Melting and freezing point depression, Osmotic PRessure, etc with "i's" (vant hoff factors)
Definition
pertain to electrolytes
Term
Isosmotic Solutions
Definition
Solutions with the same osmotic pressure are called isosmotic solutions. Implies physical chemical stability
Term
Isotonic Solution
Definition
A solution that has the same tone (biological compatibility) of body fluids.Same colligative properties magnitudes of body fluids, i.e., same vapor pressure etc. implies biolgical compatability
Term
Hypertonic Or Hypotonic Effect on RBC
Definition
Hypotonic: RBC will cause cell swelling and lysis.
Hypertonic: will cause RBC shrinkage
Term
E Value
Definition
the weight of NaCl that produces the same osmotic effect as 1g of the drug
Term
mOsmoles (electrolytes)
Definition
depend on the number of dissociated ions; NaCl = 2 mOsmol. CaCl2 = 3mOsmol
Supporting users have an ad free experience!