Term
| Define Solutions (Molecular) |
|
Definition
| Solutions are homogeneous liquid preparations containing one or more chemical substances (solutes) dissolved in a solvent or a mixture of solvents. |
|
|
Term
| Define Syrups (Molecular) |
|
Definition
| are viscid solutions of sucrose, or some other sugars, thickening agents in water. A nearly saturated solution of sucrose alone in water is known as simple syrup. |
|
|
Term
| Define Elixers (Molecular) |
|
Definition
| are sweetened, flavored, hydroalcoholic solutions. Compared to syrups, usually less sweet and less viscous because they contain a lesser amount of sugar. |
|
|
Term
| Define Tinctures (Molecular) |
|
Definition
| are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of either pure chemical substances (e.g., Iodine Tincture) or of plant extracts (e.g., Belladonna Tincture). |
|
|
Term
| Define Spirits (Molecular) |
|
Definition
| are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions of volatile substances which often serve as flavoring or medicinal agents. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are colloidal dispersions of fine particles in a liquid or gaseous medium. Can be hydrosols or alcosols, depending on the medium (i.e., whether the medium is water or alcohol). Those containing particles in a gaseous medium are called aerosols. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are thick preparations of colloidal drugs dispersed in water, forming a gelatinous mixture that maintains the uniformity and stability of the dispersions. Gels can also be defined as semisolid sols. |
|
|
Term
| Define Magmas (Colloidal) |
|
Definition
| are flocculated (aggregated) gels. Magmas have variable particle sizes and may be classified as either colloidal or coarse dispersions. |
|
|
Term
| Define Suspension (Coarse) |
|
Definition
| are preparations containing undissolved drug particles dispersed in a liquid medium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid preparations containing two immiscible liquids, usually oil and water. o/w or w/o |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are liquid preparations intended for external application to the skin. They can be suspensions or emulsions of dispersed solid or liquid materials in an aqueous base. |
|
|
Term
| Define Liniments (Coarse) |
|
Definition
| are oily type lotions intended for external application to the skin by rubbing |
|
|
Term
| Define Ointments (Coarse) |
|
Definition
| are semisolid preparations intended for topical application. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are generally referred to semisolid emulsions of o/w type. They are a special type of ointment base that are non-greasy and water-washable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are semisolid dosage forms that contain one or more drug substances intended for topical application. Pastes generally contain a higher content of solid materials than ointments and thus are stiffer, less greasy, and more absorptive when used on the skin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tendency of particles (droplets) to rise up to the surface of the
container (particle < medium, non-redispersible) Occurs in creams, ointments, and emulsions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Formation of dense, compact sediment at the bottom of the
container (non-redispersible). Occurs in Suspensions and Lotions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Two or more small particles (droplets) fuse to form a single large
particle (surface area of particles decreases, non-redispersible, leads to creaming) Occurs in emulsions |
|
|
Term
| Define Flocculations (Aggregation) |
|
Definition
Small particles clump but do not fuse (surface area unaffected,
weak interaction between particles, reversible) Occurs in colloids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Irreversible clumping of particles (surface area unaffected, strong
interactions between particles) Occurs in Colloids |
|
|
Term
| Define Coacervation (Gelation) |
|
Definition
Phase separation of polymeric dispersions due to restricted
polymeric chain movement (reversible) Iccurs in polymeric colloids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dehydration and separation of polymeric dispersions due to high
concentrations of added electrolytes or alcohols (reversible) Occurs in polymeric Colloids |
|
|
