Term
| What are the 4 functionally distinct regions of the nephron? |
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Definition
| Proximal Convoluted Tubule 65%, Loop of Henle 20%, Early Distal CT 10%, Late Distal convoluted tubule 1-5% |
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Term
| How much of the body is water? How much is Intracellular (in cells)? Extracellular (ECF and Vascular Space)? |
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Definition
| 45-60% of total body weight is water, 66% IN CELLS, 33% Outside cells [75% ECF/25% Blood Plasma] |
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Term
| How do diuretics effect water distribution? |
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Definition
| They cause the excretion of Na and Cl along with water and reduce ECF volume and composition. |
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Term
| What is HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is ONCOTIC PRESSURE? |
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Definition
| The pressure exerted on vessel wall by plasma proteins esp ALBUMIN |
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Term
| What is the relationship of K and Na between intra and extra cellular fluid? How do Na and K move in the LOH? EDCT? LDCT? |
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Definition
| K is primarily inside cells and Na is in ECF. Na and Cl move out and K is actively pumped IN at the LDCT/Collecting Duct |
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Term
| What hormone causes K to be excreted? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the 3 basic renal processes? |
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Definition
| Filtration, readsorption by active transport, and active SECRETION |
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Term
| Where does FILTRATION occur? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Where does READSORPTION of Na and Cl occur and how much at each point? |
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Definition
| PCT 65%, Henle's Loop (ascending limb) 20%, EDCT 10%, LDCT/Collecting Duct 1-5% |
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Term
| Where does ACTIVE SECRETION occur? |
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Definition
| PCT-- active pumps that take things FROM the plasma into the lumen of the PCT for excretion |
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Term
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Definition
| They block readsorption of Na and Cl from the nephron preventing the passive reabsorption of water causing the excretion of both. |
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Term
| What is significance of the Cockroff-Gault Equation? |
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Definition
| This equation uses the Serum Creatinine concentration and the pt's weight and age to estimate the GFR. |
|
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Term
What are the normal Creatatine clearance values for Men? Women?
What are the normal Serum Cr values for men and women? |
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Definition
Creatine clearance normal values:
Male: 97-137 ml/min.
Female: 88-128 ml/min
Normal serum creatine:
0.7-1.3 mg/dL for men
0.6-1.1 mg/dL for women |
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Term
| What are the therapeutic uses of diuretics? |
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Definition
| HTN (nobody really knows how they work but they reduce morbitity and mortality for HTN pts), pulmonary edema from CHF, edema from hepatic, cardiac or renal dysfunction. |
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Term
| What are the electrolytes that should be monitored for pts taking diuretics? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What perimeters should be monitored to assess side effects of diuretic therapy? |
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Definition
| Weight (daily), I&O, Vitals (except not temp), Electrolytes |
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Term
| What drugs should you watch out for incombo with diuretics that can potentiate induced nephrotoxicity? |
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Definition
| Antibiotics (aminoglycosides, antifungals, Vanco), NSAIDs, ACE ihi, Cancer drugs |
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Term
| What are the points to cover with the patient to educate them about diuretics? |
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Definition
| Duration, timing, expected symptoms, dietary implications |
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