Term
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Definition
| works on seratonin only. its main side effect is drowzines, so much that doctors will use it as a sleeping pill. |
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Term
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Definition
| works in brain chemical dopamine.CNS stimulant. side effects- tremors, shaking, seizures.secondary use, helps quit smoking. given in the morning. |
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Term
| 2nd generation antidepressants |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| works on NE and serotonin *unique side effect. increases blood pressure by 7.2 mmHg. May give hypertension |
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Term
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Definition
| works on serotonin and histamine I. causes drowziness and drying, given at bed time. |
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Term
| 3rd generation antidepressants |
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Definition
| effexor (venlafaxine) and remeron (mirtapizine) |
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Term
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Definition
| prozac (fluoxetine), celexa +lexapro (citalopram and esxitalopram), Luvox (fluvoxamine), paxil (paroxetine), zoloft(sertraline) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st to come to market, has the longest duration of action. has an active metabolyte that remain active in the body 10-80 mg/day dosage range. usually 1's per day in the morning, can also treat bulimia, OCD and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. |
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Term
| celexa + lexapro (citalopram + escitalopram) |
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Definition
| the dose of celexa is 10-60 mg/day and given more in the elderly population. the dose of lexapro is btwn 5-40 mg/day. |
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Term
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Definition
| given 2's a day. starting dose is 50 mg/week. increases by 50 each week. max dose is 300/day **special bc it also treats autism** |
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Term
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Definition
| can treat depression, panic disorder, social phobia, post traumatic stress disorder. can also treat S.A.D.= seasonal affective disorder. dose ranges from 10-62 1/2 mg. |
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Term
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Definition
treats depression,OCD, PTSD and panic disorder, dose range 25-200 mg/1's/day.
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Term
| monoamine oxidase inhibitors drug names |
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Definition
| nardil, parnate, marplan, eldepryl |
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Term
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Definition
they prevent the breakdown of serotonin, NE, and tyramine. these drugs are very dangerous. related to anphetamine which are CNS stimulants.
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Term
| side effects of MOAa inhibitors |
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Definition
| side effects include: HYPERtension so high it causes headaches, palpatations, chest pain, nausea, vomitting, and intracranial bleading. must remove tryamine from diet. **never mix MAO drugs with SSRI drugs bc you could get too much serotonin which causes hyperthermia, or lead to coma. |
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Term
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Definition
| eldepryl (selegiline) works on MAOb inhibitors which increase dopamine. used to treat parkinsons disease now. |
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Term
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Definition
| most common is micorcytic hypochromic due to iron deficiency. when the body needs iron it increases absorption from the food we eat. **iron is absorbed in the ferrous state, we store iron in the ferric form, stored in the liver. iron is moved around the body as transferin. |
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Term
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Definition
| RBC's open and iron is released producing to much iron** toxicity of iron can lead to shock, metabolic acidosis, coma, death. |
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Term
| treatment of iron overdose |
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Definition
| 1) PO we use phosphate and carbonate salt to correct the acid/base imbalance. 2) IV we use deforoximine, it will bnd and remove iron from the blood stream, tetracyline will bind to iron. |
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Term
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Definition
| B12 defecient anemia. cause by decreased intrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor made in the stomach by parietal cells. anemia is the first sign of B12 deficiency. *B12 is essential for the conversion of methamalonyl COa to succinyl COa to sustain nerve function. |
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Term
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Definition
| treated with folic acid. folic acid is essential for RBC production and growth. essential in pregnancy. also used to treat liver disease due to alcohol abuse. neccessary for the health of rapidly multiplying cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause anemia. the kidney produces a hormone called erythropoetin that stimulates the bone marrow to make RBC's. PPL w. kidney disease cannot produce erythropoetin but through modern meds we can inject it. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| sargramostin and filgrastim |
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Definition
| given after chemo to replace WBC. sargramostin stimulates the production of granulocytes and macrophages. filgrastim stimulates neutrophils. |
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Term
| resins- Questran (cholestryaminine) Colestid (colestipol) |
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Definition
| mechanism of action is to bind to and remove bile acid from the body. liver and gall bladder secrete bile. the role of bile is to breakdown fat. as bile is reduced more bile is produced, and pulls cholesterol from the blood stream, making cholesterol go down. given 2's/day, mixed with noncarbonated beverage. if taken with other meds, they may become ineffective. take the other meds 4 hrs away from Resins. very bad taste. |
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Term
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Definition
| resin tablet, good bc it doesnt taste bad. the pill is very big must be taken 2x's a day 6 tablets. same drug interaction as the powder. |
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Term
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Definition
| can dec. total chol from 10-20%, dec LDL 10-20%, increase HDL 20-35%, dec triglycerides 30-70%, and decrease secretions of VLDL from the liver. VLDL makes up triglycerides. we need high doses of niacin for it to work. btwn 1 or 2 grams/day. |
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Term
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Definition
| #1 side effect is flushing due to vasodilation. you can reduce flushing by taking niacin with meals, take aspirin 325 mg 30 min befor nyasin. not hot showers after taking niacin. may cause liver dysfuntion. |
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Term
| lipoprotein lipase stimulators |
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Definition
stimulate an enzyme lipoprotein lipase. which inhibits the production of and increase the clearance of VLDL from the body will be elliminated in the stool. Dec. VLDL's=dec triglycerides. increases HDL's.
names are Tricor (fenofibrate) and lopid (gemfibrozi) |
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Term
| side effects of lipoprotein stimulators |
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Definition
| gas, bloating, nausea, skin rash, alopecia (hair loss), drug interaction Vs. coumadin, pts blood becomes to thin. |
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Term
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Definition
before statin therapy rule our any secondary causes of high cholesterol such as diabetes and hypothyroidsm. need a full baseline lipid profile.
lipitor (atorvastatin), crestor (rosuvastin), pravachol(pravastatin), zocor (simvostatin)
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Term
| statin mechanism of action |
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Definition
| works in the liver and prevent the converison of HMGCOA to mevalonate. this is an eary step in the production of cholesterol. are best given at bed time bc liver makes alot of cholesterol at night. initial results seen in 2 weeks. total reduction in 6 weeks and maintained w. daily therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
| major myalgia (muscle pain) first felt in legs. warning sign leads to rhabdomyolsis (skeletal muscle breakdown). which affects the kidney bc they are not built to filter skeletal muscle. will reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke. undergo high first pass effect. **not to be used under 18 years old or in pregnancy. |
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Term
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Definition
| works in the small intestine, reduces cholesterol absorbed from the food we eat. |
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Term
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Definition
| combination drug of zetia + simvastatin. treats genetic chol. and the food we eat. can produce muscle ache and pain bc it has statin drug |
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Term
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Definition
mevacor (lovastatin)
lipitor (atorvastatin)
zocor (simvistatin)
pravachol (pravastatin)
crestor (rosuvastatin) |
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Term
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Definition
1) binds to and activates antithrombin III
2) the heparin/ antithrombin III combo inactivates thrombin and clotting factor X.
the route of admin for heparin is IV or subQ never given IM. heparin is used 1-2 weeks after a heart attack and is the drug of choice if anticoagulation if needed in pregnancy. #1 side effects is internal bleeding. the test to measure how heparin is working is called PTT (partial prothrombin time). |
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Term
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Definition
| a light version of heparin. designed for home use they are preprepared syringes available in multiple strengths for outpatient medical use. long D.O.A. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a small lipis soliable molecule it interferes with the production of vitamin K dependent clotting factos made in the liver. coumadin inactivates factors II, VII, IX, X. D.O.A. of 8 to 60 hrs. takes 2-3 days to reach full effects. in an emergency overdose we transfuse with fresh or frozen blood plasma. cannot be used in pregnancy . the test for coumadin is P.T. prothromin time. |
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Term
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Definition
| hospital use only. used to treat cardiac ischemia can be used with aspirin or heparin but the risk of interal bleading increases. |
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Term
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Definition
| combo drug, dypyridamode 200mg + aspirin 25 mg, both are anti platelet drugs. can be used after value replacement surgery or in patients who cannot use coumadin. |
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Term
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Definition
| has an onset of action of 2 hrs it reduces the risk of stroke, heart attack, or unstable angina, it prevents platelets from sticking to walls of blood vessels. is a prodrug 2% of whitepopulation cannot convert it to active 14% chinese and 4% african americans. prodrug. |
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Term
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Definition
| reduces the risk of stroke and heart attack. used in patients who have already had a heart attack, sever chest pains or circulation problems. it is not recommended over age 75 due to the risk of intracranial bleeding. is not dependant of liver for activation. |
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Term
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Definition
| used for the prevention of stroke in patients who suffer A.fib or atrial flutter. blood pools into the atrium and begins to clot, putting u at risk for stroke. many doctors will give aspirin or coumadin but paradaxa has no drug interactions and you dont have to do tests. |
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Term
| TPA's (tissue plasminogen activators) |
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Definition
| given to treat symptoms of heart attack or stroke. dissolve clots already present. given IV. they have small window of use 1-4 hrs after the onset of symptoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| approved for heart attack, stroke, and pulmonary embolism |
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Term
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Definition
| approved for heart attack, must be given in 2 doses. second dose is give 90 mins after the first dose. longer duration of action |
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Term
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Definition
| made from bacterial origins, may need high doses to work bc we may have antibodies against this |
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Term
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Definition
| prodrug has longest D.O.A. |
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Term
| 1st generation antidepressants |
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Definition
| tofranil and imipramine. elavil and amitripyline. work on NE and SHT |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the oldest sleeping pills. has an active metabolite, the pieces called trichloroethanol. also available as liquid. used by dentists in children to relax them a little |
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Term
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Definition
| sleep pill with long duration of action. causes grogginess in the AM. |
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Term
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Definition
| good med never became popular didnt cause hangover feeling in the AM. |
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Term
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Definition
| not related to dalmane or restoril it is a nonbenzodiazepine acting at the BZ1 receptor in the brain. NOT a muscle relazant or anti convulsant. short acting can become addictive. |
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Term
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Definition
| used vs. seizures, depresses neuron activity in the brain. has the same effect on the liver as rifampin. makes liver works faster. if pt is taking coumadin blood levels go down and must increase the dose. |
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Term
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Definition
| used in overdose of antianxiety and sleeping pills it is a BZ antagonist |
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Term
side effects and toxicities of CNS depressants
sedation |
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Definition
| can impair motor function and cause behavioral disinhibition. |
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Term
| side effects of CNS depressants hypnosis |
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Definition
promote sleep onset and can have increased duration of action of sleep
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Term
side effects of CNS depressants
anesthesia |
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Definition
3) anesthesia, unconsiousness, amnesia
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Term
side effects of CNS depressants
anti-convulsant |
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Definition
4) anti-convulsant activity-> Ex: valium or ativan for emergency use for seizures given as injection
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Term
side effect of CNS depressants
muscle relaxation |
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Definition
5) muscle relaxation-> Ex: valium, a good skeletal muscle relaxant, Dr's will use as 3-4 day therapy for car accidents
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Term
side effects of CNS depressant
medullary depression |
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Definition
6) medullary depression. leads to hypotension, respiratory depression, leading to cardivascular collapse.
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Term
| side effects of CNS deprresants tolerance and dependance |
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Definition
| 7) tolerance and dependance. dependance "A"-> psychologic dependance this occus with frequent compulsive use of meds. dependance "B"-> physical dependance if u stop taking the med your body goes into withdrawal |
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Term
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Definition
| non addictive anti anxiety med. will e used with other med only when the Dr is trying to take you off of another addictive med. |
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Term
| what drugs can anti anxiety drugs be taken with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| goal in pregnancy is to use as little meds as possible. lowest therpeutic dose for the shortest duration of time. pregnancy increases the bodies needs for vitamins, specially iron and folic acid, and essential fatty acids. EFAs promote the growth of the brain and nervous system of the fetus. |
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Term
| what is the most dangerous time for the fetus? |
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Definition
| from the last missed period till 10 weeks later. all major organs are forming in the first trimester. #1 complaint in pregnancy is N/V due to hormonal changes in the body (estrogen) |
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Term
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Definition
| dose 12.5 to 25 mg 3xs daily. falls in the drug category antihistamine. causes drowziness and drying. |
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Term
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Definition
| when nausea and vomitting becomes so severe it threatens the well being of mother and fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| used when other pills dont work. still under investigation. |
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Term
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Definition
| max dose 3 grams= 3000 mg to help protect the liver. do not use aspirin in pregnancy. can cause miscarriage and can slow the babies growth. late in pregnancy aspirin can delay labor and cause bleeding complications in mother and fetus. |
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Term
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Definition
| ususally occurs in the second half of prgnancy, harmless but uncomfortable. recommended avoid caffeine, do no eat large meals, wat smaller meals more frequently. |
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Term
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Definition
| aluminum/ magnesium combo -> do NOT use sodium bicarbonate |
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Term
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Definition
| regular contactions causing dilation. before week 37 of gestation. about 12% of all births are premature. babies born between weeks 34 and 37 tend to do well. before week 34 meds may be given. |
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Term
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Definition
| first meds give dexamethasone or betamethasone. given to mother to speed the development of the babies brain, intestines, and lungs. |
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Term
| how can you test the maturity of a babies lung in the womb? |
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Definition
| test to see the babies lung maturity is called the L/S ratio -> lecithin/sphingomyelin. as the babies lungs mature lecithin goes up, sphingomylein goes down. |
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Term
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Definition
| slow uterine contractions. non selective beta stimulants. they relax the uterine smooth muscle. they delay labor to give steroids a chance to work, can increases moms heart rate, will increase pulse of mother. |
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Term
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Definition
| a natural calcium channel blocker which causes uterine smooth muscle to contract. blood level needed is 5-8 mg/DL. side effects to mother and child= muscle weakness and lethargy after child birth. tired, sleepy. must monitor mothers urine output because magnesium lowers blood pressure.if blood pressure becoems to low must give calcium. |
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Term
| what do you give to a baby who is suffering resp distress and is gray? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| given into lungs. allow air sacs to become flexible so the air sac can expand and take in more oxygen. used within 15 mins after birth. |
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Term
| what are some of the side effects of the SSRI drugs |
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Definition
| safety in overdose, main side effects are nausea, GI upset, sexual dysfunction. must start at lowest dose and titrate upwards. to discontinue SSRI's dose must be tapered down |
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Term
| first generation tricyclic antidepressants |
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Definition
| tofranil (impiprenine), Elavil (amitriptyline) |
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Term
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Definition
| heparin, lovenox, coumadin, reopro, aggrenox, plavix, effient, pradaxa |
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