Term
|
Definition
| The force against which the heart has to pump to eject blood from the ventricle. Factors and conditions that would impede blood flow increase left ventricular _________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arterial connections that ensure that when one of the blood-supplying arteries is damaged, flow is maintained from the other areteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Blood from to the hands, feet, brain and other organs is protected by _______ ______ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pressure of blood against the arterial walls. Pressure increases when the cardiac output, peripheral resistance or blood volume increases. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specialized nerve endings located in the walls of the arotic arch and carotoid sinuses taht are affected by changes in the arterial blood pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Increase in arterial prssure stimulate _____ and the heart rate and arterial pressure decrease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Decrease in arterial pressure lead to a lessened stimulation of _____ and vasoconstriction occurs as does an increase in heart rate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If the pressure falls too low, blow flow to the tissues, heart, brain, and other organs become inadequate. If the pressure becomes too high, the risk of vessel rupture and damage increase. |
|
|
Term
| Capillary Pressure or Hydrostatic Pressure |
|
Definition
| The pressure exerted by the blood against the capillary wall. Normal _____ pressure is 25-30 mmHg at the arterial end of the capillaries, and 10-15 mmHG at the venous end. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The total volume of blood pumped through the heart in 1 minute. The normal _____ ____ is 4-8 L per minute. ____ ____ equals stroke volume multipled by heart rate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nerve endings located in the aortic arch and carotoid bodies that are stimulated by hypoxemia and that then transmit impulse to the CNS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability of the heart muscle fibers to propagate electrical impulses to the CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The inherent ability of the myocardium to alter contractile force and velocity. Sympathetic stimulation increases myocardial _______, thus increases stroke volume. Conditions that decrease myocardial _____ decrease stroke volume. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the phase of the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes btwn contractions. Represents the period of time when the two ventricles are dialated by the blood flowing into them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force of blood exerted against the artery walls when the heart relaxes or fills |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the ability of cardiac muscle cells to depolarize in response to a stimulus. influenced by hormones, electrolytes, nutrition, oxygen supply, meds, infections, and nerve characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The principle that the more the heart fills within reasonable limits during diastole, the greater the force of contraction during systole and the greater the volume. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the volume of blood stretching the left ventricle at the end of diastole. determined by the total circulating blood volume and is increased by an increase in venous return to the heart. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phase of contraction of the heart, especially of the ventricles, during which blood is forced into the arota and pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the force exerted by the blood against the vein walls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| jugular vein distention induced when pressure is applied over the liver. position client with the head of the bed elevated 45 degrees and locate the internal jugular vein. sudden distention of the neck veins after abdominal compression (30-40 sec) usually indicated failure of the right side of the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diuretic, B-blocker, calcium channel blocker or angiotensin-converting enzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| supply the capillaries of the myocardium with blood |
|
|
Term
| Sinoatrial node (pacemaker) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the faster teh heart rate, the less time the heart has for filling and the cardiac output decreaes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a potnet vasoconstrictor, causes the blood pressure to increase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stimulates the release of aldosterone, which promotes water and sodium retention by the kidneys; this action increases blood volume and blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
|
Definition
| a narrowing or obstruction of one or more conary arteries as a result of atherosclerosis, an accumulation of lipid containing plaque in the arteries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chest pain
palpitations
dyspnea
syncope
cough or hemophtysis
excessive fatigue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nitrates
Calcium channel blockers
Cholesterol-lowering meds
B-blockers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dilate the coronary arteries and decrease preload and afterload |
|
|
Term
Calcium Channel Blockers
Meds for CAD |
|
Definition
| dilate coronary arteris and reduce vasospasm |
|
|
Term
Cholesterol-lowing
Meds for CAD |
|
Definition
| reduce the development of artherosclerotic plaques |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce BP in individuals who are hypertensive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chest pain reesulting from myocardial ischemia caused by inadequate myocardial blood and oxygen supply. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pain that can develop slow or quick; may radiate to the shoulders, arms, jaw, neck and back; last 5-20 min; relieved by nytroglycerin or rest
dyspnea
pallor
sweating
palpitations and tachycardia
dizziness and faintness
hypertension
digestive disturbances
|
|
|
Term
Angina
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
Assess pain
provide bed rest
admin O2 at 3 L/min by nasal cannula as Rx
admin nitroglycersin as Rx
obtain 12-lead EKG
cardiac monitoring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs whe myocardial tissue is abruptly and severly deprived O2. |
|
|
Term
Myocardial Infarction
Symptoms |
|
Definition
Pain that lasts 30 min or longer
nausea and vomiting
diaphoresis - profuse sweating
dyspnea
dysrhythmias
feeling of fear & anxiety
pallor, cyanosis, coolness of extremities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent the extension and formation of clots by inhibiting factors in the clotting cascade and decreasing blood coagulability, inhibiting clotting action of platelets |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
Indications |
|
Definition
thrombosis
pulmonary embolism (PE)
myocardial infarction (MI) |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
contraindications |
|
Definition
active bleeding
bleeding disorders or blood dyscrasias
ulcers
liver and kidney disease
spinal cord or brain injuries |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
hyperlipidemia
thrombocytopenia
hemorrhage
nausea
constipation
insominia
|
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
Interacts with many different drugs that effect bleeding... |
|
Definition
alcohol
aspirin
Ginkgo
garlic
Viatmin E |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Coagulation disorders
ulcer disease
recent surgery
cancer
active or uncontrolled bleeding
severe thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
Monitor the following:
Heparin PTT
Coumadin PT/INR
liver enzymes
hemoglobin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Warfarin sodium (Coumadin)
heeparin
Lovenox
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| prevent extension and formation of clots by inhibiting factors in the clotting cascade or inhibits clotting action of platelets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Interfere wtih platelet aggregation in different drug-specific and dose-specific ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal decrease in number of platelets |
|
|
Term
Antiplatelet Agent
Contraindication |
|
Definition
patients with active bleeding
thrombocytopenia
severe liver impairment
underlying coagulation disorder
ulcer disease |
|
|
Term
Antiplatelet Agent
Interaction |
|
Definition
| May increase the risk of bleeding when used with other drugs that effect platelet function (such as ASA, dextran, dipyridamol, and NSAIDS) |
|
|
Term
Anitiplatet Agent
Nursing Intervention |
|
Definition
Assess for and monitor bruising or S/S of bleeding
monitor labs
minimize venipuncture and injections
apply pressure to puncture sites |
|
|
Term
| Low Molecular Weight Heparin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
prevent extension and formation of clots
few systemic effects
most commonly used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vessel injury initiates a series of complex reactions where various protein are converted to their active form and two separate pathways along with numerous biochemical processes that leat to coagulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activated in response to injury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activated when blood leaks out the vessel and enters the tissue space |
|
|
Term
Clinical manifestations of
Hypertension |
|
Definition
headache
visual disturbances
dizziness
epistaxis
chest pain |
|
|
Term
Complications of
Hypertension |
|
Definition
heart failure
angina/MI
renal failure
CVA/TIA
multiorgan failure
death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
diet and/or exercise
diuretics
ACE inhibitor
Angiotension II receptor blockers (ARBS)
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers
|
|
|
Term
| Drugs to control Blood Pressure |
|
Definition
Diuretics
Potassium-Sparing
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like
Loop/High Ceiling
|
|
|
Term
Potassium-Sparing Drugs to treat
Hypertension |
|
Definition
| Sprionolactone (Aldactone) |
|
|
Term
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Drug to treat
Hypertension |
|
Definition
| Hydroclothiazide (Dyazide) |
|
|
Term
Loop/High Ceiling Drug to treat
Hypertension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Drugs used to Control Blood Pressure
which is given first? |
|
Definition
Diuretics are given first
has few side effects
controls mild to moderate hypertension
decreases serum sodium levels and blood volume (preload)
Extremely effective for African Americans |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Diuretics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Diuretics |
|
Definition
| Action is to inhibit Na+ and Cl reabsorption, increasing urine output and decreasing edema, circulating blood volume and cardiac output |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Diuretic |
|
Definition
| used to treat mild to moderate hypertension |
|
|
Term
Antihypertension
Diuretics
Contraindications
|
|
Definition
patients with asthma
sinus bradycardia
cardiogenic shock
2nd or 3rd degree heart block
overt cardiac failure
caution in pregnant, breast feeding, and patinets with impaired liver function
|
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Diuretic
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
fatigue
dizziness
orthostatic hypotension
rash
hypokalemia
hyperglycemia
normal K+ => 3.5-5.0 |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Diuretics
Drug-Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
when used with similar activing drugs and alcohol, additive hypotension occurs
antidepressants
antihistamines
bronchodilators
NSAIDs
decongestants
appetite suppressants |
|
|
Term
Antihypertension
Diuretics
Nursing Interventions
|
|
Definition
Monitor BP
accurate I&O
daily weight
monitor electrolytes
assess gait
do not stand abruptly |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotension Converting Enzyme (ACE) |
|
Definition
| blocks the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) |
|
Definition
| angiotensin II receptor blocker |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) |
|
Definition
| blocks the effects of angiotensin on blood vessels |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Captoptil (Capoten)
|
|
Definition
Blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II leading to:
- decrease blood pressure
- decrease aldosterone production
- small increase in serum K+ levels along with Na+ and fluid loss
|
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Captoptil (Capoten)
|
|
Definition
Treatment of hypertension
CHF
diabetic nephropathy
left ventricular dysfunction following an MI |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Contraindications
|
|
Definition
Allergies
impaired renal function
pregnancy and lactation
Caution
CHF |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Drug-Drug Interaction
|
|
Definition
Allopurinol
Antihypertensives
diuretics
ASA
NSAIDs
ACE inhibitors
concurrent use with K+ sparing diuretics and K+ supplements |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Adverse Effects
|
|
Definition
Dizziness
light-headedness
fainting
tachycardia
palpitation
rash
proteinuria
cough |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Nursing Interventions
|
|
Definition
- Admin on empty stomach
- avoid sudden position change & instruct to report light-headedness
- inform to report cough
- monitor urine for protein
- monitor for & replace Na and fluid loss
- monitor K+, possible risk for hyperkalemia
|
|
|
Term
normal sodium (Na+) levels
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Lorsartan (Cozaar)
|
|
Definition
| Selectively bind with angiotensin II receptor sites in vascular smooth muscle and in the adrenal gland to block vasoconstriction and the release of aldosterone. |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Contraindications
|
|
Definition
allergy
pregnancy
lactation |
|
|
Term
Anithypertensive
Angiotensin II Recptor Blocker
Drug-Drug Interaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Nursing Interventions
|
|
Definition
- report adverse effects
- GI complaints (take with food)
- skin rash and dry skin
|
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Adverse Effects
|
|
Definition
Headache
dizziness
synocope
weakness (safety) |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blocker
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blocker
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
|
|
Definition
| Inhibits movement of Ca+ ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blocker
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
|
|
Definition
| slows the heart rate depressing the impulse and leading to slowed conduction, decreased myocardial contractilility and dilation of arterioles. |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blocker
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
|
|
Definition
| lowers blood pressure and decreases myocaridal oxygen consumption |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blocker
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
|
|
Definition
| treatment of essential hypertension in the extended release form |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blocker
Contraindications
|
|
Definition
allergy
heart block or sick sinus syndrome
renal or hepatic dysfunction
pregnancy
lactation |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blocker
Adverse Effects
|
|
Definition
nausea
AV blocks
headache
flushing
peripheral edema
hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the swelling of tissues, usually in the lower limbs due to the accumulation of fluids |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blockers
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
- maybe given sublingual
- monitor B/P for hypotension
- Accurate I&O -> peripheral edema: daily wgt., compression hose if needed
- monitor liver enzymes
- assess gait caution not to stand abruptly
|
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Calcium Channel Blockers
Drug-Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
- Cyclosporine
- increases risk of digoxin toxicity when used with digoxin.
- Avoid grapefruit juice - effects absorption
|
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive Adrenergic Beta Blockers
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Adrenergic Beta Blockers
Propanolol (Inderal) |
|
Definition
- decrease cardiac output
- decrease blood pressure
- decrease the workload of the heart and O2 demands
|
|
|
Term
Antihypertensives
Adrenergic Beta blockers
Propanolol (Inderal) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Adrenergic Beta Blockers
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Allergy
Heart block or sinus syndrome
Renal or hepatic dysfunction
Pregnancy and lactation
caution with DM patients |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Adrenergic Beta Blockers
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
Bradycardia
orthostatic hypotension
fatigue
N/V
vwheezing |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Adrenergic Beta blocker
Drug-Drug Interaction |
|
Definition
| Causes additive effects when used with alcohol, antihypertensive and other beta blockers or CCB |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Adrenergic Beta Blockers
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
- Administer consistently with meals; food may increase absorption and decrease GI upset
- Tell client may experience insomnia or bad dreams
- tell patient to report exercise intolerance
|
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilators
|
|
Definition
| Nitroprusside (Nitropress) |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilators
Nitroprusside (Nitropress) |
|
Definition
| Act directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause relaxation, leading to vasodilation and drop in bp |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilator
Nitroprusside (Nitropress) |
|
Definition
| IV use for the treatment of hypertensive crisis and to maintain controlled hypotension during surgery |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilators
Nitroprusside (Nitropress) |
|
Definition
| toxic levels cause cyanide toxicity |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilators
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Allergy to drug
pregnancy/lactation
cerebral insufficiency |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive Vasodilators Adverse Effects
|
|
Definition
related to changes in bp GI upset cyanide toxicity
|
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensives
Vasodilators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilators |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilator
Diazoxide (Hyperstat) |
|
Definition
| increases blood glucose levels; used IV for hospitalized patients with severe hypertension |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilator
Hydralaine (Apresoline) |
|
Definition
| maintains increased renal blood flow |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilators
Minoxidil (Loniten) |
|
Definition
| used only for severe and unresponsive hypertension |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Drug Classes |
|
Definition
Vasodilators
Calcium Channel Blockers
Adrenergic Beta Blockers |
|
|
Term
Antihypertensive
Vasodilators
Nursing Intervention |
|
Definition
- do not discontinue abruptly, will cause rebound hypertension
- monitor B/P at home
- continue to take meds even when bp is normal
- report side effects, meds can be changed or adjusted
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- located in the lower aspect of the atrial septum
- receives electrical impulses from the sinoatrial node
|
|
|
Term
The bundle of His
(atrioventricular bundle)
|
|
Definition
fuses with the atrioventricular node to form another pacemaker site
|
|
|
Term
The bundle of His
(atrioventricular bundle) |
|
Definition
| if SA node fails, _____ can initiate and sustain a heart rate at 40 to 60 beats per minute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- initiates each heart beat
- located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium
- generates electrical impulses at 60-100 bpm and is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) |
|
Definition
| Management of acute ventricular arrhythmias during cardiac surgery or MI |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine) |
|
Definition
| decrease depolarization, decreasing automaticity of the ventricular cells; increase ventricular fibrillation threshold |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Contraindications |
|
Definition
Allergy
bradycardia or heart block
CHF
hypotension or shock
electrolyte disturbances |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Adverse Effects
|
|
Definition
hypotension
bradycardia
heart failure
worsening or new arrhythmias
n/v
diarrhea |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Drug-Drug Interaction
|
|
Definition
- use with antihypertensives increases effect
- use with other drungs in this class may cause toxicity
- cimetidine increases serum level, may increase serum level of digoxin
|
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Nursing Interventions
|
|
Definition
- Always check label
- administer bolus followed by continuous infusion
- do not administer with food unless prescribed
- monitor for hypotension and bradycardia
- safety precaution to prevent injury
- avoid drink alkalizes the urine: apple juice OK
|
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class I A& B |
|
Definition
block the soderm ium channels in the cell membrane during an action potential
IA: Quinidine (used for long term stabilization of atrial fibrillation)
IB: Lidocaine (Xylocaine) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
block beta-receptors causing a depression of phase 4 of the action potential
Propranolol (Inderal) |
|
|
Term
Antiaarhythmics
Class III |
|
Definition
block K+ channels, prolonging phase 3 of the action potential
Solatol (Betapace) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
block calcium channels in the cell membrane
Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class II Beta-Blockers
Propranolol (Inderal)
|
|
Definition
This drug is also an antihypertensive.
Used to treat supraventricular tachycardia and PVCs |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class II Beta Blocker
Propranolol (Inderal) |
|
Definition
- competitively block beta receptor sites in the heart and kidneys
- decrease heart rate, cardiac excitability and cardiac output
- slow conduction through the AV node
|
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class II
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
- dizziness, insomnia, bad dreams, fatigue
- hypotension, bradycardia, AV block, arrhythmias
- bronchospasm and dyspnea
- N/V, anorexia
- loss of libido, decreased exercise tolerance and alterations in blood glucose levels
|
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class II
Contraindications |
|
Definition
sinus bradycardia
AV block
cardiogenic shock
CHF
asthma
respiratory depression
pregnancy and lactation |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class II
Nursing Interventions |
|
Definition
Monitor blood sugar reading
monitor lung sounds |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class II
Drug-Drug Interaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class III
Solatol (Betapace) |
|
Definition
treats life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial arrhythmias |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class III
Solatol (Betapace) |
|
Definition
| absorption of this drug is decreased by presence of food |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class III
Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
n/v
weakness
dizziness
arrhythmia |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class III
Drug-Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
| Digoxin and quinidine should not be taken with this drug |
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class IV
Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
|
Definition
- This drug is an Antihypertensive CCB.
- Blocks the movement of Ca+ ions across the cell membrane
- depress the generation of action potential
- delay phases 1 & 2 of repolarization
- slow conduction through the AV node
|
|
|
Term
Antiarrhythmics
Class IV
Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
|
Definition
| This drug is used to treat supraventricular tachycardia and to control the ventricular response to rapid atrial rates |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
Heparin, Coumadin |
|
Definition
thromboembolic disorders
ischemic complication
unstable angina |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
Heparin, Coumadin
Actions
|
|
Definition
| prevents extension and formation of clots by inhibiting factors in the clotting cascade or by inhibiting clotting action of the platelets |
|
|
Term
Anticoagulants
Heparin, Coumadin
Contraindications
|
|
Definition
Ulcers
coagulation disorders
cancer
active/uncontrolled bleeding
severe thrombocytopenia
recent surgery |
|
|
Term
Antiplatelet Agents
Asprin, Plavix
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antiplatelet
Aspirin, Plavix
Action
|
|
Definition
| Interfere with platelet aggregation in different drug-specific and dose-specific ways |
|
|
Term
Antiplatelet
Aspirin, Plavix
Contraindications
|
|
Definition
| active bleed, severe liver impairment, underlying coagulation disorder, ulcer disease, thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Cholestryramine (Questran) |
|
Definition
| indicated for elevated serum cholesterol due to hypercholesterolemia and pruritus associated w/partial biliary obstruction |
|
|
Term
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Cholestyramine (Questrants)
Actions
|
|
Definition
| Bind bile acids in the intestine. all excretion in feces instead of reabsorption. |
|
|
Term
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Cholestyramine (Questrants)
Adverse Effects
|
|
Definition
Headache
fatigue
drowsiness
nausea
constipation
hemorrhoids
increased bleeding times
vitamin A and E deficiencies |
|
|
Term
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Cholestyramine (Questrants)
Nursing Interventions
|
|
Definition
mix throughly with juice or water before admin.
monitor for early signs of peptic ulcer such as nausea and abdominal discomfort
must be taken with and followed by fluids |
|
|
Term
Bile Acid Sequestrants
Cholestyramine (Questrants) |
|
Definition
| should be taken separately from other meds since they interfere with drug absorption |
|
|
Term
HMG-CoA
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Indications
|
|
Definition
| adjunt to diet in the tx of elevated cholesterol, LDL and tryglycerides. Increase HDL-C in patients with primary hypercholestermia |
|
|
Term
HMG-CoA
Atorvastatin (lipitor)
Action
|
|
Definition
| blocks the enzyme that is involved in the production of cholesterol |
|
|
Term
HMG-CoA
Altorvastatin (lipitor)
Caution
|
|
Definition
| patients with impaired endocrine function |
|
|
Term
HMG-CoA
Altorvastatin (Lipitor)
Adverse Effects
|
|
Definition
| GI symptoms, CNS, Liver failure and rhabdomyolysis |
|
|
Term
HMG-CoA
Altovarstatin (Lipitor)
Interventions
|
|
Definition
Avoid Grapefruit Juice!
(rhabdomyolysis)
report muscle weakness
take med in evening
consider alcohol intake |
|
|
Term
HMG-CoA
Atrovastatin (Lipitor)
Drug Interactions
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Indication
|
|
Definition
lowers serum cholesterol levels
tx homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Action
|
|
Definition
| works in the small intestine to inhibit the absorption of cholesterol |
|
|
Term
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Contraindications |
|
Definition
pregnancy and lactation if combined with statin
Caution in elderly and liver disease patients |
|
|
Term
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
drug-drug interactions
|
|
Definition
cyclosporine
warafin
antacids
fibtrates |
|
|
Term
Lipid Lowering Agents
Niacin-Niaspan
|
|
Definition
this drug inhibits the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue, increase the rate of triglyceride removal from plasma
**lower LDL when given in large amounts** |
|
|
Term
Lipid lowering Agents
Niacin - Niaspan |
|
Definition
| side effect is flushing -->limits usefulness |
|
|
Term
Lipid Lowering Agents
Fenofibrates - Tricor |
|
Definition
| inhibits triglycerides synthesis in the liver, decrease LDL; increase uric acid; frequent side effects |
|
|
Term
Lipid Lowering Agents
Gemfibrozil - Lopid |
|
Definition
Inhibits peripheal breakdown of lipids
decrease production of LDL and triglycerides
increase HDL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bile Acid Sequestrants
HMG-CoA Inhibitors
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nitrates
Adrenergic Beta Blockers
Calcium Channel Blockers |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agent
Nitrates |
|
Definition
| Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agents
Adrenergic Beta Blockers |
|
Definition
Propanolol (Inderal)
Metoprolol (Toprol) |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agent
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Indications
|
|
Definition
| to treat and prevent attack of angina pectoris |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agent
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Action
|
|
Definition
| Acts directly on smooth muscle to relax and depress muscle tone |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agent
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Contraindications
|
|
Definition
head traume
cerebral hemorrhage
severe anemia |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agent
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Cautions
|
|
Definition
hypotension
hypovolemic
renal/hepatic disease
conditions that limit cardiac output |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agent
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
Adverse Effect
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agent
Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat)
|
|
Definition
| sublingual is most common admin route |
|
|
Term
Antiangina Agents
Adrenergic Beta Blockers
Propanolol and Metoprolol |
|
Definition
| used for long term management of angina and prevention of reinfarction |
|
|
Term
Antiangina Agents
Propranolol (Inderal) |
|
Definition
| used within 1-4 weeks after myocardial infarction (MI) |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agent
Metoprolol (Toprol) |
|
Definition
| used within 3-10 days after myocardial infarction (MI) |
|
|
Term
Antianginal Agents
Adrenergic Beta Blockers
Actions
|
|
Definition
relieves angina by decreasing the O2 demands on the heart
-decrease BP
-slows HR
-reduces force of contraction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pain relieved by rest and Nitrates
...decreases myocardial O2 consumption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pain that occurs at rest, indivative of advanced ischemic heart disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chest pain that occurs at reast and is caused by vasospasms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
admin 3x q 5 min
keep in dark container
moisten mouth first before taking SL |
|
|
