Term
Expectorants
Guaifenesin---Robitussin---Mucinex
Liquefy and dilute secretions
Relief of cough symptoms
Guaifenesin is well absorbed from the gastro intestinal tract following oral administration. Guaifenesin has a plasma half-life of approximately 1 hour. It is rapidly hydrolyzed (60% within seven hours) and then excreted in the urine, with beta-(2-methoxyphenoxy)-lactic acid as its major urinary metabolite.
Side effects : drowsiness nausea
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients.Use in patients with ischemic heart disease, thyrotoxicosis, glaucoma, diabetes, or urinary retention. |
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Definition
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Term
Mucolytics
Acetylcysteine---Mucomyst
liquefies (thins) or dissolves mucus so that it may be coughed up acetaminophen antidote
Metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys
Contraindications/Cautions .
hypersens. to drug/class/compon.
caution if asthma
caution if bronchospasm hx
caution if upper GI bleeding risk (PO use) |
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Definition
| Acetylcysteine---Mucomyst |
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Term
Antitussives
Inhibit or suppress nonproductive coughing
By depression of cough receptors in airways
Seldom used in veterinary medicine (cough drops)
By depression of cough center in brain |
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Definition
Butorphanol
Hydrocodone
Codeine
Dextromethorphan
Temaril P |
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Term
Butorphanol
Opiate, Class IV control
Also used as a preanesthetic and an analgesic in dogs and cats
Relieves chronic nonproductive cough in dogs
Injectable or tablets available
Side effects:
Sedation
Ataxia |
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Definition
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Term
Opiate, Class III
Treatment of nonproductive cough in dogs
Syrup and tablet forms (human label)
Side effects:
Sedation
Constipation
GI upset |
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Definition
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Term
Opiate, Class V
Syrup form (human label)
Side effects:
Sedation
Constipation |
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Definition
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Term
Non-narcotic similar to codeine with no analgesic or addictive properties
Syrup form (human label)
Robitussin DM
Side effects:
Drowsiness
GI upset |
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Definition
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Term
Side effects:
Sedation
Depression
Hypotension
Minor CNS signs |
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Definition
Temaril P
Antihistamine plus steroid |
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Term
Blockage of beta-2-adrenergic receptors
Stimulation of beta-2-adrenergic receptors results in bronchodilation
Stimulation of these receptors causes smooth muscle to relax |
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Definition
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Term
Cholinergic blockers
Combine with acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle fibers and preventing the effects (prevents bronchoconstrition)
Antihistamines |
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Definition
| Atropine, aminopentamide, and glycopyrrolate |
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Term
Prefer limiting the beta-1 activity to avoid tachycardia
Stabilize mast cells to prevent release of histamine
Epinephrine (Potent = produces significant tachycardia, use in life threatening situation only)
Albuterol (1 brand is approved for horses)
Salmeterol
Side effects may include tachycardia and hypertension |
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Definition
Bronchodilators
Beta-2 adrenergic agonists |
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Term
Allow Cyclic AMP (a chemical messenger) to accumulate, relaxing the smooth muscle, which leads to bronchodilation
Used in respiratory and cardiac conditions
Aminophylline
Theophylline
Appropriate precaution needed if patient on phenobarbital, cimetidine, erythromycin, clindamycin, and lincomycin
May see adverse reactions
Side effects may include GI upset, CNS stimulation, tachycardia, ataxia, and arrhythmia
Note: caffeine and theobromine (found in chocolate) are also in this category |
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Definition
Bronchodilators
Methylxanthines |
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Term
Drugs that reduce the congestion of nasal membranes
Human label – limited use in veterinary medicine
May be used in feline upper respiratory tract diseases
Given orally and acts systemically
Drug examples:
Ephedrine
Pseudophedrine (Sudafed) |
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Definition
Respiratory Drugs
Decongestants |
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Term
Prevents mast cell degranulation and block H1 receptors on smooth muscle
Histamine is released from mast cells during allergic reaction, combining with H1 receptors on smooth muscle
Blocks histamines which causes bronchoconstriction |
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Definition
Diphenhydramine
Hydroxyzine
Clemastine
Chlorpheniramine |
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Term
Corticosteroids
Anti-inflammatory effects – treatment of allergic respiratory conditions
Equine heaves, feline asthma, allergic pneumonia, ect
Injectable, inhaled, or oral forms |
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Definition
Prednisolone
Prednisone
Dexamethasone |
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Term
Stimulant of the respiratory system
Used in neonatal animals after a C section
High dose may cause hypertension, arrhythmia, hyperventilation, CNS, excitation, and seizures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Stimulate respirations in narcotic overdose |
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Definition
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Term
| Stimulate respiration in xylazine overdose |
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Definition
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