Term
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Definition
| Poor blood supply to an organ |
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Term
|
Definition
| Poor blood supply to the heart muscle Atherosclerosis Coronary artery disease |
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Term
| Myocardial infarction (MI) |
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Definition
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Term
| Angina Pectoris (Chest Pain) |
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Definition
| When the supply of oxygen and nutrients in the blood is insufficient to meet the demands of the heart, the heart muscle “aches” The heart requires a large supply of oxygen to meet the demands placed on it |
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Term
|
Definition
| (also called classic or effort angina) |
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Term
|
Definition
| (also called preinfarction or crescendo angina) |
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Term
|
Definition
| (also called Prinzmetal’s or variant angina) |
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Term
Nitrates/nitrites
(beta)-blockers
Calcium channel blockers |
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Definition
|
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Term
| blood flow and myocardial oxygen |
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Definition
Therapeutic Objective:
Increase _______ to ischemic heart muscle
and/or
Decrease ______ demand |
|
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Term
| frequency, duration and intensity |
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Definition
Therapeutic Objectives (cont’d):
Minimize the _______ of attacks and decrease the _____ and ____ of anginal pain |
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Term
| Sublingual, Buccal, chewable tablets, oral capsules/tablets, IV Solutions, Ointments, transdermal patches, translingual sprays |
|
Definition
| Available forms of Nitrates/Nitrites |
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Term
|
Definition
What do Nitrates/Nitrites do?
> Cause ______ due to relaxation of smooth muscles
> Potent _____ effect on coronary arteries
> Used for prevention and treatment
of angina |
|
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Term
| reduced , coronary, ischemic myocardial |
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Definition
Nitrates/Nitrites:
Vasodilation results in _____ myocardial oxygen demand
Nitrates cause dilation of both large and small _____ vessels
Result: oxygen to _____ ________ tissue
Nitrates alleviate coronary artery spasms |
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Term
|
Definition
NITRATES/NITRITES:
Rapid-acting forms
Used to treat ____ ______ attacks
forms: Sublingual tablets; IV
Long-acting forms
Used to ____ anginal episodes |
|
|
Term
INFO:
Nitroglycerin
Prototypical nitrate
Large first-pass effect with oral forms
Used for symptomatic treatment of ischemic heart conditions (angina)
IV form used for BP control in perioperative hypertension, treatment of HF, ischemic pain,
pulmonary edema associated with acute MI, and hypertensive emergencies |
|
Definition
INFO:
Nitroglycerin
Prototypical nitrate
Large first-pass effect with oral forms
Used for symptomatic treatment of ischemic heart conditions (angina)
IV form used for BP control in perioperative hypertension, treatment of HF, ischemic pain,
pulmonary edema associated with acute MI, and hypertensive emergencies |
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|
Term
Acute relief of angina
Prophylaxis in situations that may provoke angina
Long-term prophylaxis of angina |
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Definition
| What are Nitrates used for? |
|
|
Term
Headaches
Usually diminish in intensity and frequency
with continued use
Tachycardia, postural hypotension
Tolerance may develop |
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Definition
| Adverse effects of Nitrates are: |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Headaches
Usually diminish in intensity and frequency
with continued use
Tachycardia, postural hypotension
Tolerance may develop |
|
|
Term
atenolol (Tenormin)
metoprolol (Lopressor)
propranolol (Inderal)
nadolol (Corgard) |
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Definition
| Examples of Beta Blockers |
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|
Term
INFO:
Beta Blockers:
Mechanism of action
B1-receptors on the heart are blocked
Decrease the HR, resulting in decreased myocardial oxygen demand and increased oxygen delivery to the heart
Decrease myocardial contractility, helping to conserve energy or decrease demand |
|
Definition
INFO:
Beta Blockers:
Mechanism of action
B1-receptors on the heart are blocked
Decrease the HR, resulting in decreased myocardial oxygen demand and increased oxygen delivery to the heart
Decrease myocardial contractility, helping to conserve energy or decrease demand |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| MECHANISM OF ACTION OF BETA BLOCKERS:After an MI, a high level of circulating ______ irritate the heart, causing an imbalance in supply and demand ratio and even leading to life-threatening dysrhythmias. Beta-blockers block the harmful effects of _____________, thus improving survival after an MI |
|
|
Term
Angina
Antihypertensive
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Cardioprotective effects, especially after MI
Some used for migraine headaches, essential tremors, and stage fright |
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Definition
| Beta Blockers Indications: |
|
|
Term
Bradycardia, hypotension,
second- or third-degree heart block; heart failure |
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Definition
| Adverse affects of Beta Blockers on the Cardiovascular system |
|
|
Term
Altered glucose and lipid
metabolism |
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Definition
| Adverse affects of Beta Blockers on the Metabolic system |
|
|
Term
| Dizziness, fatigue, mental depression, lethargy, drowsiness, unusual dreams |
|
Definition
| Adverse affects of Beta Blockers on the CNS |
|
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Term
| Impotence, wheezing, dyspnea |
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Definition
| Adverse affects of Beta Blockers OTHER |
|
|
Term
Cause coronary artery vasodilation
Cause peripheral arterial vasodilation, decreasing systemic vascular resistance
Reduce the workload of the heart
Result: decreased myocardial oxygen demand |
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Definition
| What are the mechanism of action for Calcium Blockers |
|
|
Term
First-line drugs for treatment of angina, hypertension, and supraventricular tachycardia
Coronary artery spasms (Prinzmetal’s angina)
Short-term management of atrial fibrillation and flutter
Several other uses |
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Definition
| Calcium Blocker Indications: |
|
|
Term
Very acceptable adverse effect and safety profile
May cause hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia or bradycardia, constipation, nausea, dyspnea (other adverse effects possible) |
|
Definition
| Calcium Channel Blockers Adverse Effects |
|
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Term
| health history , vital statistics |
|
Definition
NURSING IMPLICATIONS Calcium Blocker Indications:
Before administering, perform a complete _____ to determine presence of conditions that may be contraindications for use or call for cautious use
Obtain baseline _______ , including respiratory patterns and rate
Assess for drug interactions |
|
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Term
| medications, OTC medications, caffeine |
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Definition
NURSING IMPLICATIONS Calcium Blocker Indications: (cont'd)
Patients should not take any _______ , including ______ , without checking with the physician
Patients should be encouraged to limit
____ intake |
|
|
Term
2 pounds in 1 day or 5 or more pounds in
1 week, pulse rates less than 60, and any dyspnea |
|
Definition
NURSING IMPLICATIONS Calcium Blocker Indications: (cont'd)
Patients should report blurred vision, persistent headache, dry mouth, dizziness, edema, fainting episodes, weight gain of
___ pounds in ____ day or ___ or more pounds in ____ week, pulse rates less than ___ , and any dyspnea |
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Term
|
Definition
Alcohol consumption and hot baths or spending time in whirlpools, hot tubs, or saunas will result in vasodilation, hypotension, and the possibility of fainting
Teach patients to change positions slowly to avoid postural BP changes
Encourage patients to keep a record of their anginal attacks, including precipitating factors, number of pills taken, and therapeutic effects |
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